气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya

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DOI	10.1007/s00382-019-05080-w
	Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya
	Wang, Yan; Yang, Kun; Zhou, Xu; Chen, Deliang; Lu, Hui; Ouyang, Lin; Chen, Yingying; Lazhu; Wang, Binbin
通讯作者	Yang, K (通讯作者)
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0930-7575
EISSN	1432-0894
起始页码	1729
结束页码	1740
卷号	54 期号:3-4
英文摘要	Current climate models often have significant wet biases in the Tibetan Plateau and encounter particular difficulties in representing the climatic effect of the Central Himalaya Mountain (CHM), where the gradient of elevation is extremely steep and the terrain is complex. Yet, there were few studies dealing with the issue in the high altitudes of this region. In order to improve climate modeling in this region, a network consisting of 14 rain gauges was set up at elevations > 2800 m above sea level along a CHM valley. Numerical experiments with Weather Research and Forecasting model were conducted to investigate the effects of meso- and micro-scale terrain on water vapor transport and precipitation. The control case uses a high horizontal resolution (0.03 degrees) and a Turbulent Orographic Form Drag (TOFD) scheme to resolve the mesoscale terrain and to represent sub-grid microscale terrain effect. The effects of the horizontal resolution and the TOFD scheme were then analyzed through comparisons with sensitivity cases that either use a low horizontal resolution (0.09 degrees) or switch off the TOFD scheme. The results show that the simulations with high horizontal resolution, even without the TOFD scheme, can not only increase the spatial consistency (correlation coefficient 0.84-0.92) between the observed and simulated precipitation, but also considerably reduce the wet bias by more than 250%. Adding the TOFD scheme further reduces the precipitation bias by 50% or so at almost all stations in the CHM. The TOFD scheme reduces precipitation intensity, especially heavy precipitation (> 10 mm h(-1)) over high altitudes of the CHM. Both high horizontal resolution and TOFD enhance the orographic drag to slow down wind; as a result, less water vapor is transported from lowland to the high altitudes of CHM, causing more precipitation at lowland area of the CHM and less at high altitudes of CHM. Therefore, in this highly terrain-complex region, it is crucial to use a high horizontal resolution to depict mesoscale complex terrain and a TOFD scheme to parameterize the drag caused by microscale complex terrain.
关键词	TIBETAN PLATEAU WINTER PRECIPITATION WATER-VAPOR FORM DRAG MONSOON CLIMATE IMPLEMENTATION CONVECTION SCALE SOUTH
英文关键词	Meso; and micro-scale orographic effects; Precipitation and water vapor transport; Central Himalayas; TOFD; High horizontal resolution
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS类目	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000505516000001
来源期刊	CLIMATE DYNAMICS
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/259786
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang, Yan,Yang, Kun,Zhou, Xu,et al. Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2020,54(3-4).
APA	Wang, Yan.,Yang, Kun.,Zhou, Xu.,Chen, Deliang.,Lu, Hui.,...&Wang, Binbin.(2020).Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya.CLIMATE DYNAMICS,54(3-4).
MLA	Wang, Yan,et al."Synergy of orographic drag parameterization and high resolution greatly reduces biases of WRF-simulated precipitation in central Himalaya".CLIMATE DYNAMICS 54.3-4(2020).