气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Observation and modeling of the historic "godzilla" African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020

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DOI	10.5194/acp-21-12359-2021
	Observation and modeling of the historic "godzilla" African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020
	Yu H.; Tan Q.; Zhou L.; Zhou Y.; Bian H.; Chin M.; Ryder C.L.; Levy R.C.; Pradhan Y.; Shi Y.; Song Q.; Zhang Z.; Colarco P.R.; Kim D.; Remer L.A.; Yuan T.; Mayol-Bracero O.; Holben B.N.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1680-7316
起始页码	12359
结束页码	12383
卷号	21 期号:16
英文摘要	This study characterizes a massive African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and southern US in June 2020, which is nicknamed the "Godzilla"dust plume, using a comprehensive set of satellite and ground-based observations (including MODIS, CALIOP, SEVIRI, AERONET, and EPA Air Quality network) and the NASA GEOS global aerosol transport model. The MODIS data record registered this massive dust intrusion event as the most intense episode over the past 2 decades. During this event, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) observed by AERONET and MODIS peaked at 3.5 off the coast of West Africa and 1.8 in the Caribbean Basin. CALIOP observations show that the top of the dust plume reached altitudes of 6-8ĝ€¯km in West Africa and descended to about 4ĝ€¯km altitude over the Caribbean Basin and 2ĝ€¯km over the US Gulf of Mexico coast. The dust intrusion event degraded the air quality in Puerto Rico to a hazardous level, with maximum daily PM10 concentration of 453ĝ€¯μgm-3 recorded on 23 June. The dust intrusion into the US raised the PM2.5 concentration on 27 June to a level exceeding the EPA air quality standard in about 40ĝ€¯% of the stations in the southern US. Satellite observations reveal that dust emissions from convection-generated haboobs and other sources in West Africa were large albeit not extreme on a daily basis. However, the anomalous strength and northern shift of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) together with the Azores low formed a closed circulation pattern that allowed for accumulation of the dust near the African coast for about 4ĝ€¯d. When the NASH was weakened and wandered back to the south, the dust outflow region was dominated by a strong African easterly jet that rapidly transported the accumulated dust from the coastal region toward the Caribbean Basin, resulting in the record-breaking African dust intrusion. In comparison to satellite observations, the GEOS model reproduced the MODIS observed tracks of the meandering dust plume well as it was carried by the wind systems. However, the model substantially underestimated dust emissions from haboobs and did not lift up enough dust to the middle troposphere for ensuing long-range transport. Consequently, the model largely missed the satellite-observed elevated dust plume along the cross-ocean track and underestimated the dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin by a factor of more than 4. Modeling improvements need to focus on developing more realistic representations of moist convection, haboobs, and the vertical transport of dust. © 2021 Hongbin Yu et al.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	AERONET; atmospheric modeling; atmospheric plume; dust; long range transport; MODIS; optical depth; Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Sea; Gulf of Mexico; Puerto Rico; United States
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/246645
作者单位	Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Bay Area Environment Research Institute, Petaluma, CA, United States; Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; JCET, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, United Kingdom; Met Office, Exeter, EX1 3PB, United Kingdom; Physics Department, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; GESTAR, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States; Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico; Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York City, NY, United States
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yu H.,Tan Q.,Zhou L.,et al. Observation and modeling of the historic "godzilla" African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020[J],2021,21(16).
APA	Yu H..,Tan Q..,Zhou L..,Zhou Y..,Bian H..,...&Holben B.N..(2021).Observation and modeling of the historic "godzilla" African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,21(16).
MLA	Yu H.,et al."Observation and modeling of the historic "godzilla" African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and the southern US in June 2020".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 21.16(2021).