气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Carceral-community epidemiology, structural racism, and COVID-19 disparities

CCPortal

DOI	10.1073/pnas.2026577118
	Carceral-community epidemiology, structural racism, and COVID-19 disparities
	Reinhart E.; Chen D.L.
发表日期	2021
ISSN	0027-8424
卷号	118 期号:21
英文摘要	Black and Hispanic communities are disproportionately affected by both incarceration and COVID-19. The epidemiological relationship between carceral facilities and community health during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, remains largely unexamined. Using data from Cook County Jail, we examine temporal patterns in the relationship between jail cycling (i.e., arrest and processing of individuals through jails before release) and community cases of COVID-19 in Chicago ZIP codes. We use multivariate regression analyses and a machine-learning tool, elastic regression, with 1,706 demographic control variables. We find that for each arrested individual cycled through Cook County Jail in March 2020, five additional cases of COVID-19 in their ZIP code of residence are independently attributable to the jail as of August. A total 86% of this additional disease burden is borne by majority-Black and/or -Hispanic ZIPs, accounting for 17% of cumulative COVID-19 cases in these ZIPs, 6% in majority-White ZIPs, and 13% across all ZIPs. Jail cycling in March alone can independently account for 21% of racial COVID-19 disparities in Chicago as of August 2020. Relative to all demographic variables in our analysis, jail cycling is the strongest predictor of COVID-19 rates, considerably exceeding poverty, race, and population density, for example. Arrest and incarceration policies appear to be increasing COVID-19 incidence in communities. Our data suggest that jails function as infectious disease multipliers and epidemiological pumps that are especially affecting marginalized communities. Given disproportionate policing and incarceration of racialized residents nationally, the criminal punishment system may explain a large proportion of racial COVID-19 disparities noted across the United States. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Carceral-community epidemiology \| racial disparities \| inequality \| public health \| mass incarceration
语种	英语
scopus关键词	African American; age; Article; controlled study; coronavirus disease 2019; correctional facility; cross-sectional study; cycling; disease burden; educational status; employment; foreigner; gender; Hispanic; household; household income; housing; human; Illinois; incarceration; incidence; population density; poverty; public health; race; racial disparity; racism; traffic and transport; epidemiology; ethnic group; ethnology; health disparity; prevention and control; prisoner; public health; racism; socioeconomics; Chicago; COVID-19; Ethnic Groups; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Incidence; Jails; Prisoners; Public Health; Racism; SARS-CoV-2; Socioeconomic Factors
来源期刊	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/238917
作者单位	Data and Evidence for Justice Reform, World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Chicago Center for Psychoanalysis, Evanston, IL 60204, United States; Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, 75116, France; Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, 31000, France; Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, 31000, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Reinhart E.,Chen D.L.. Carceral-community epidemiology, structural racism, and COVID-19 disparities[J],2021,118(21).
APA	Reinhart E.,&Chen D.L..(2021).Carceral-community epidemiology, structural racism, and COVID-19 disparities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(21).
MLA	Reinhart E.,et al."Carceral-community epidemiology, structural racism, and COVID-19 disparities".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118.21(2021).