气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Sonar and in situ surveys of eelgrass distribution; reproductive effort; and sexual recruitment contribution in a eutrophic bay with intensive human activities: Implication for seagrass conservation

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111706
	Sonar and in situ surveys of eelgrass distribution; reproductive effort; and sexual recruitment contribution in a eutrophic bay with intensive human activities: Implication for seagrass conservation
	Xu S.; Xu S.; Zhou Y.; Yue S.; Qiao Y.; Liu M.; Gu R.; Song X.; Zhang Y.; Zhang X.
发表日期	2020
ISSN	0025326X
卷号	161
英文摘要	Seagrass beds are recognized as pivotal and among the most vulnerable coastal marine ecosystems globally. The eelgrass Zostera marina L. is the most widely distributed seagrass species and dominates the temperate northern hemisphere. However, an alarming decline in seagrass has been occurring worldwide due to multiple stressors. Seagrass meadow degradation is particularly serious in the Bohai Sea, in temperate China; however, large areas (> 500 ha) of seagrass meadows and population recruitment have rarely been reported in this area. In the present study, we report on a large eelgrass bed in a eutrophic bay of the Bohai Sea. Sonar and field survey methods were used to investigate the distribution of seagrass and its population recruitment. We also analyzed the major threats to this large seagrass bed. Results showed that a large Z. marina bed with an area of 694.36 ha occurred in this area of the Bohai Sea, with a peripheral area of ~25 km2. Seagrass canopy height and plant coverage had a significant correlation with water depth. Asexual reproduction principally occurred in autumn and played a dominant role in population recruitment in vegetated areas, where no seedlings successfully colonized. In contrast, a considerable number of seedlings survived in the seagrass meadow gaps, and thus played a critical role in the recruitment in these areas. The maximum reproductive shoot densities were about 100 and 70 shoots m−2 at sampling site (S)-1 and S-2 in 2018, respectively, which was about two times more than in 2019 (50 and 20 reproductive shoots m−2 at S-1 and S-2, respectively). The potential seed output per unit area in 2019 was about 1020 seeds m−2 at S-1 and 830 seeds m−2 at S-2, and the seed output in the study area was at a low level compared with global values. Overall, high spring and summer water temperature appeared to induce sexual reproduction of Z. marina in the study area, including reproductive effort, reproductive investment, and seedling development. Furthermore, eelgrass height, aboveground biomass, and density were significantly related to water temperature. Among the potential threatening factors to seagrass in this area, the activities of clam harvesting were intense with daily clam catches >2000 kg, leading to patchy seagrass meadows, especially in the fringe areas. The seagrass bed was also threatened by marine pollution (nutrient loading) and land reclamation. Therefore, the protection and restoration of this seagrass bed are strongly recommended. Our study will provide fundamental information for the conservation and management strategies of large eelgrass beds in the Bohai Sea. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Bohai Sea; Conservation; Population recruitment; Resilience; Seagrass distribution; Sexual reproduction; Single beam echosounder; Zostera marina L.
语种	英语
scopus关键词	Cell proliferation; Ecosystems; Eutrophication; Land reclamation; Marinas; Marine pollution; Molluscs; Shellfish; Sonar; Surveys; Temperature; Above ground biomass; Asexual reproduction; Coastal marine ecosystems; Management strategies; Northern Hemispheres; Protection and restoration; Reproductive shoots; Seedling development; Plants (botany); anthropogenic effect; bay; conservation management; ecosystem resilience; eutrophic environment; human activity; in situ measurement; marine ecosystem; marine pollution; population distribution; recruitment (population dynamics); reproductive effort; seagrass; sonar; vulnerability; Article; asexual reproduction; biomass; Bohai Sea; canopy; controlled study; echolocation; ecosystem restoration; environmental protection; environmental reclamation; eutrophication; harvesting; human; human activities; nonhuman; nutrient loading; plant development; plant height; plant reproduction; plant seed; population structure; sea pollution; seasonal variation; seedling; shoot; vegetation; water temperature; Zostera marina; Zosteraceae; Bohai Sea; Pacific Ocean; Yellow Sea; Bivalvia; Zostera marina
来源期刊	Marine Pollution Bulletin
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/148452
作者单位	CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xu S.,Xu S.,Zhou Y.,et al. Sonar and in situ surveys of eelgrass distribution; reproductive effort; and sexual recruitment contribution in a eutrophic bay with intensive human activities: Implication for seagrass conservation[J],2020,161.
APA	Xu S..,Xu S..,Zhou Y..,Yue S..,Qiao Y..,...&Zhang X..(2020).Sonar and in situ surveys of eelgrass distribution; reproductive effort; and sexual recruitment contribution in a eutrophic bay with intensive human activities: Implication for seagrass conservation.Marine Pollution Bulletin,161.
MLA	Xu S.,et al."Sonar and in situ surveys of eelgrass distribution; reproductive effort; and sexual recruitment contribution in a eutrophic bay with intensive human activities: Implication for seagrass conservation".Marine Pollution Bulletin 161(2020).