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Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) to various value-added chemical products by photocatalysis could effectively alleviate the serious problems of global warming and energy shortages. Currently, most commonly prepared photocatalysts present poor performance under visible light irradiation. In this study, we adopted a facile, scalable and controllable approach to prepare ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) porous Co3O4 catalysts (Co3O4-NS) by air calcining of the ultrathin metal-organic framework (MOFs) nanosheet templates to validly reduce CO2 with a Ru-based photosensitizer under visible light irradiation. Benefitting from the structural nature of MOFs precursors, the calcined Co3O4-NS inherit the morphology of 2D and well-developed porosity, which support the transport of electrons, enhance the adsorption of CO2 molecules, and render abundant catalytic sites for CO2 activation. As a result, the CO generation rate is approximately 4.52 mu mol.h(-1) with selectivity of 70.1%, which is superior to the Co3O4 bulk catalysts (Co3O4-BK). Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the model of Co3O4 monolayer has stronger CO2 adsorption energy than that of the Co3O4 bulk, which is beneficial for the CO2-to-CO conversion. This MOF-engaged strategy provides new insight into the controlled synthesis of advanced ultrathin holey nanosheets to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.