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To overcome the challenges of global warming and environmental pollution it is mandatory to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), which is largely accumulated in air through the combustion of fossil fuels. Thus, sequestration of CO2 through physisorption on solid adsorbents and their successful conversion into value added fine chemicals are the major priority areas of research today. Innovation of efficient solid CO2-philic adsorbents together with their high mechanical/chemical stability and regeneration efficiency are the most challenging objectives to achieve this goal. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs) owing to their high specific surface area, chemical stability, nanoscale porosity and structural diversity have huge potential to play as selective CO2 adsorbent. POPs synthesized through large varieties of reactive monomers via simple and convenient chemical routes can be the ideal adsorbents for the CO2 storage and fixation reactions. A wide range of POPs can be synthesized from different multidentate amines, aldehydes, carboxylic acids or triazine monomers through the polycondensation reactions or solid state condensation reactions. Ease of synthesis, uniform pore width together with high surface area and surface basic sites (nitrogen and other heteroelements) play crucial role in the CO2 absorption and conversion reactions. This review provides a concise account in designing POPs and their application in CO2 adsorption and fixation into reactive organic molecules for the synthesis of fuels and value added fine chemicals.