气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.013
	Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya
	Unks R.R.; King E.G.; Nelson D.R.; Wachira N.P.; German L.A.
发表日期	2019
ISSN	0959-3780
EISSN	1872-9495
起始页码	124
结束页码	134
卷号	54 页码:124-134
英文摘要	The focus of this study is on how changes in formal and informal institutions have differential impacts across populations in terms of vulnerability of livelihoods to drought, and the unequal processes that shape adaptation to new conditions. Drought vulnerability occurs as a result of exposure and sensitivity to interrelated economic, social, political, and ecological dynamics. There is a need for approaches that can evaluate how the ability to reduce these exposures and sensitivities becomes socially stratified. Building on our understanding of institutional and biophysical constraints in one pastoralist group ranch, we use an approach that draws on quantitative and qualitative data to combine analyses of entitlements, access, and adaptive capacity. We asked how, in a context of changing herding institutions, the ability to adapt to drought and other stressors, is differentiated among actors. We found that herders with higher livestock wealth are more likely to have entitlement sets that include factors that enable access to secure cattle grazing on private wildlife conservation lands, and access to more distant areas with herds of sheep and cattle – two key means of reducing exposure to drought vulnerability, leading to greater coping ability during drought. Those with lower livestock wealth rely disproportionately on illicit, precarious access to external grazing resources. Higher livestock wealth families experienced disproportionately lower sensitivity to drought with smaller losses of cattle, and likely have decreased sensitivity to drought-related market fluctuations, while others are primarily reliant on small stock and/or precarious access pathways. However, rather than naturalize this differential ability as merely increased adaptive capacity for some that are better able to adapt to novel, local conditions, we argue this instead reflects the unequal footing that households find themselves on, in a shifting institutional landscape of structural and relational access constraints and reconfigurations of reciprocity, that are intertwined with interventions by state and non-state actors. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
英文关键词	Access; Adaptive capacity; Entitlements; Multiple stressors; Pastoralism; Vulnerability
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geography
scopus关键词	adaptive management; cattle; drought stress; grazing; livelihood; livestock farming; nature conservation; pastoralism; semiarid region; sheep; vulnerability; Kenya; Bos; Ovis aries
来源期刊	Global Environmental change
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/91332
作者单位	Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia, 321 Hunter Holmes Building, 101 Herty Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, 255 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA, United States; Koija Group Ranch, Kenya
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Unks R.R.,King E.G.,Nelson D.R.,et al. Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya[J],2019,54:124-134.
APA	Unks R.R.,King E.G.,Nelson D.R.,Wachira N.P.,&German L.A..(2019).Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya.Global Environmental change,54,124-134.
MLA	Unks R.R.,et al."Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya".Global Environmental change 54(2019):124-134.