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| Development and Deployment of an Instrumentation Suite for Comprehensive Air Quality Characterization Including Aerosol ROS | |
| 项目编号 | R834799C001 |
| Rodney J. Weber | |
| 项目主持机构 | The Johns Hopkins University,Columbia University (Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory) (JHPMRC),University of Chicago,University of Maryland,Yale University |
| 开始日期 | 2011 |
| 结束日期 | 2016-12-01 |
| 英文摘要 | This project will investigate the relative toxicity of primary and secondary particulate emissions from motor vehicles. The specific objectives of this project are: 1) to determine whether exposures to fresh and to photochemically aged emissions induce cardiovascular responses in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats; 2) to determine whether atmospheric photochemical processes enhance the toxicity of vehicular emissions, and; 3) to provide toxicological results to compare with those found in previous TERESA studies of coal power plants, as well as current and previous studies of concentrated ambient particles.To provide the best representation of fleet emissions, the ventilation stack from an urban highway tunnel within the metropolitan area of Boston, MA, will be used as the source of primary vehicular emissions. The mixture of primary particles and gases will undergo photochemical oxidation to form secondary particle matter. Simulations of different types of atmospheres will be conducted, including oxidizing, and oxidizing followed by neutralizing. Five different animal exposure scenarios will be used, including filtered air, primary gas and particle emissions, primary plus secondary particles, primary plus neutralized secondary particles, and secondary particles formed in the absence of primary particles. Normal laboratory rats exposed using each of the five scenarios will be evaluated for pulmonary, systemic, and cardiovascular effects using in vivo organ chemiluminescence, histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage, blood cytology, and continuous measurements of cardiac and pulmonary function. The scenarios generating the largest and the least biological response will be further investigated using spontaneously hypertensive rats using the same biological outcomes studied in normal rats. Exposure atmospheres will be chemically and physically characterized for CO, NOx, CH4, NMHC, O3, particle count, mass and size distribution, black carbon, elemental and organic carbon, trace elements, inorganic ions, NH3, HCHO, and VOCs. For the biological effects observed during each exposure scenario, inter-group differences will be assessed using multi-way analysis of variance. To determine the effect of PM composition on biological response, linear regression models containing exposure concentrations as predictors will be fitted to each response outcome measure. Multiple pollutant linear regressions will be used to assess the independent effects of multiple pollution components on biological response.The proposed study will provide information on the relative toxicity of primary and secondary particles from mobile source emissions, and whether susceptible populations have greater responses to exposure to these mobile source particles. The findings of this study will complement the findings of previous TERESA studies of primary and secondary particles from coal power plants, and studies of Concentrated Ambient Particles. |
| 英文关键词 | automobile exhaust;inhalation toxicology;photochemical simulation;urban traffic, |
| 学科分类 | 0805 - 大气科学;;08 - 地球科学;09 - 环境科学 |
| 资助机构 | US-EPA |
| 项目经费 | 0 |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/77089 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Rodney J. Weber.Development and Deployment of an Instrumentation Suite for Comprehensive Air Quality Characterization Including Aerosol ROS.2011. |
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