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| Vesicles stabilised by compressed carbon dioxide as nanoreactors and templates for radical polymerisation | |
| 项目编号 | FT110100200 |
| Per Setterlund | |
| 项目主持机构 | The University of New South Wales |
| 开始日期 | 2011 |
| 结束日期 | 2015-12-31 |
| 英文摘要 | Atmospheric aerosols have a profound effect on climate by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation and on air quality by contributing to the mass of PM2.5, a criteria pollutant controlled by EPA. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which result from photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), make the dominant contribution to PM2.5 by mass. The effects of various air pollutants, such as NOx (= NO + NO2), O3, and SO2, on the rate and yield of SOA formation are relatively well constrained in chemical mechanisms and implemented in air-pollution models. However, the effect of ammonia (NH3) on SOA is much less understood. Recent laboratory and field observations suggest that ammonia actively participates in formation of SOA and it also leads to chemical compounds in SOA that have unique optical properties. The main goal of this proposal is to explore systematically the effect of the reactive uptake of ammonia (NH3) by secondary organic aerosols (SOA) on the yield, chemical composition, and optical properties of anthropogenic SOA using both experimental and modeling approaches. The following are the set of specific project objectives to meet the main goal: Study the reactive uptake of NH3 by SOA in chamber experiments and the effects of temperature, humidity, and NH3 levels on the yields of SOA and types of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) produced Conduct box model simulations of chamber experiments on NOC-containing SOA Introduce a new mechanism of formation of NOC in the aged SOA in an urban three-dimensional air quality model Quantify the effects of changing meteorological conditions and background concentrations due to climate change on SOA and NOC concentrations at urban level Introduce a simplified SOA chemical mechanism into a coupled meteorological-air quality model for the entire contiguous United States Quantify the effects of changing meteorological conditions and background concentrations due to climate change on SOA and NOC at the continental scale and estimate the feedback effects of aged SOA on meteorological conditionsWe propose targeted laboratory experiments in which SOA are prepared under controlled conditions in a smog chamber, aged by ammonia, and examined with a suite of instruments that measure SOA yield, detailed molecular level composition, and optical absorption coefficient of SOA. We also propose implementation of the results of these observations into a box model that replicates chamber experiments, and into two state-of-the-art air pollution models: (1) an urban model that will evaluate the effects of ammonia and climate change on SOA with a comprehensive chemical mechanism for SOA formation, and (2) a coupled meteorological-air quality model that will evaluate the effects of ammonia and climate change on SOA formation and its feedbacks on meteorological conditions for the entire US.Ammonia emissions are expected to increase worldwide because of the intensifying agricultural use of ammonia-based fertilizers and because of increasing temperatures. At the same time, emissions of VOC precursors are also expected to increase because of the rising trends in the global temperatures. The combination of these two trends is likely to lead to significant changes in the mass-concentrations and chemical composition of SOA. There are three major expected results: (i) elucidate the fundamental science related to ammonia and SOA dynamics; (ii) develop and implement the new science into computer code to be used by modelers; and (iii) quantify climate changes effects on SOA and brown carbon concentrations in the atmosphere. |
| 英文关键词 | Air;ambient air;atmosphere;ozone;global climate;tropospheric;VOC;oxidants;nitrogen oxides;organics;environmental chemistry;engineering;modeling. |
| 学科分类 | 0504 - 高分子科学;;05 - 化学科学;1003 - 有机高分子材料;10 - 材料科学 |
| 资助机构 | AU-ARC |
| 项目经费 | 753856 |
| 国家 | AU |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/77086 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Per Setterlund.Vesicles stabilised by compressed carbon dioxide as nanoreactors and templates for radical polymerisation.2011. |
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