Climate Change Data Portal
| Effect of modified atmosphere preservation on Meat quality | |
| V. Venkataramanujam | |
| 项目主持机构 | Madras Veterinary College |
| 开始日期 | 2000 |
| 结束日期 | 2003 |
| 英文摘要 | Project Research Results Final Report 1999 Progress Report 1998 Progress Report 5 publications for this project 1 journal articles for this project Related Information Research Grants P3: Student Design Competition Research Fellowships Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grantee Research Project Results Search Diversity and Abundance of Forest Soil Arthropods Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide EPA Grant Number: R825861 Title: Diversity and Abundance of Forest Soil Arthropods Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Investigators: Lincoln, David E. , Williams, Ray S. Institution:University of South Carolina at Columbia EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000 Project Amount: $332,902 RFA: Terrestrial Ecology and Global Change (1997)RFA Text | Recipients Lists Research Category:Global Climate Change ,Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration ,Ecosystems ,Climate Change Description: The extent and manner of effects on biodiversity resulting from globally changingconditions, such as elevated CO2, are not understood, but may be of substantial magnitude.Terrestrial arthropods are widely recognized to constitute the majority of terrestrial species.For example, soil arthropods in temperate forests are a highly diverse assemblage with up to1000 species per m2 and over 3,400 soil and canopy arthropod species occur at a single site inOregon. Further, arthropod herbivores, detritivores and predators, and their abundances, areimportant components in the biotic interactions and the carbon and nutrient dynamics ofecosystems. The present study will experimentally examine the presence and abundance of soilarthropods in the context of forest plots under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. The goalsof this study are to understand the responses of species diversity to globally increasing carbondioxide and to understand how elevated CO2 environments may alter the processes underlyingthe trophic structure and function of forest ecosystems. Convincing evidence of the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down controls of foodwebs using experimental ecosystems has been obtained from aquatic habitats, but terrestrialecosystems, particularly trophic webs dominated by arthropods, have proven to be morerecalcitrant in yielding data. Large plant-mediated changes are predicted for grazing and detritalfood webs under elevated carbon dioxide. One of the major responses of plants derives from theincreased photosynthetic rate under elevated CO2 leading to an elevation of leaf carbohydratecontent and a depression of leaf nitrogen content, resulting in an increase in the leafcarbon:nitrogen ratio and apparently also an increased lignin:N ratio. These effects havebeen identified as a primary means by which elevated CO2 effects may be transmitted fromplants to other trophic levels. Thus, the quality of the food supply (bottom-up variable) for litterdecomposing biota is very likely to be changed by the elevated CO2 conditions which areprojected to occur within 50-75 years.This study will be conducted in two plantation forests, an eight year old sweetgum forestand a 14 year old loblolly pine forest, using 25 m or 30 m diameter, respectively, plots whichwill receive supplemental CO2 to raise the concentration in the canopy by +200 ppm overambient (approximately 550 ppm) or remain at ambient CO2 (approximately 350 ppm). TheFACE facilities at Duke University (loblolly pine) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory(sweetgum) are the most realistic approaches to date for examining the effects of CO2enrichment on forests. The presence and abundance of forest soil arthropod detritivoresand predators, as well as their activity in litter decomposition, will be assessed under the ambientand elevated CO2 conditions. Litter quality via altered nutritional and allelochemicalcharacteristics will also be measured. This study provides a unique approach in that we are ableto compare two intact forests, differing in tree species composition and soil characteristics, whichare experimentally manipulated in essentially the same manner. The similar climate shared at thesites enables us to compare, under a common framework of abiotic factors such as temperatureand moisture, how alterations in phytochemical constituents in leaf litter important to soilarthropods. The proposed research will: 1) determine how CO2 enrichment alters the litter qualityin a pine and a sweetgum forest through changes in important phytochemical constituents, e.g.nitrogen, lignin, non-structural carbohydrates, phenolics, and C:N and L:N ratios, 2) elucidatehow altered leaf litter chemistry in elevated CO2 plots affects the trophic structure and activitiesof soil arthropods (i e. test for bottom-up effects), and 3) assess how alterations in trophicdynamics affect the biodiversity of the soil system as species are replaced or disappear, andas functional groups of organisms change in their abundance and activity. Significance The control of trophic food webs of soil biota is a fundamental feature of forestecosystem function. The lack of experimental data from manipulated experiments within forestshas up to this time precluded understanding how global change driven alterations in trophicstructure could affect not only the activities of these systems, but the abundance and diversity ofthe organisms within them. These considerations become even more important as atmosphericCO2 concentration increases because of the effects CO2 enrichment has on plant physiologicalprocesses and phytochemical constituents, which are conveyed through trophic webs, can alsoaffect soil dwelling organisms and decomposition processes. This study will provide much needed data by examining the fundamental mechanismsunderlying changes in trophic structure and function in forests, as well as the biodiversity of theabundant, complex assemblage of soil arthropods. Because we are comparing two different foresttypes manipulated under similar conditions, we are able to broaden our results to the responses ofsoil biota to changing leaf litter quality of different compositions. By focusing on the mostspeciose groups of organisms within these forest ecosystems (i.e. soil arthropods), this study willprovide broadly applicable results about the relationship of biodiversity and ecosystem function.The data collected on soil arthropod abundances and diversity will be applicable on a muchbroader scale than has been possible before, increasing our understanding of how the diversityand trophic level function of soil biota may change in a future elevated CO2 atmosphere. Publications and Presentations: Publications have been submitted on this project:View all 5 publications for this project Journal Articles: Journal Articles have been submitted on this project:View all 1 journal articles for this project Supplemental Keywords: Global climate, anthropods, biodiversity, carbon dioxide, soil, forest ecosystem, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, Waste, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, Bioavailability, Environmental Chemistry, climate change, Forestry, Monitoring/Modeling, Atmospheric Sciences, environmental monitoring, plantation forests, biodiversity, forest soil arthopods, carbon dioxide, CO2 concentrations, elevated carbon dioxide, environmental stressors, habitat diversity, harmful environmental agents, litter bags, climate variability, arthropods Progress and Final Reports: 1998 Progress Report 1999 Progress Report Final ReportProject Research Results Final Report 1999 Progress Report 1998 Progress Report 5 publications for this project 1 journal articles for this project Related Information Research Grants P3: Student Design Competition Research Fellowships Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grantee Research Project Results Search Diversity and Abundance of Forest Soil Arthropods Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide EPA Grant Number: R825861 Title: Diversity and Abundance of Forest Soil Arthropods Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Investigators: Lincoln, David E. , Williams, Ray S. Institution:University of South Carolina at Columbia EPA Project Officer: Hahn, Intaek Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000 Project Amount: $332,902 RFA: Terrestrial Ecology and Global Change (1997)RFA Text | Recipients Lists Research Category:Global Climate Change ,Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration ,Ecosystems ,Climate Change Description: The extent and manner of effects on biodiversity resulting from globally changingconditions, such as elevated CO2, are not understood, but may be of substantial magnitude.Terrestrial arthropods are widely recognized to constitute the majority of terrestrial species.For example, soil arthropods in temperate forests are a highly diverse assemblage with up to1000 species per m2 and over 3,400 soil and canopy arthropod species occur at a single site inOregon. Further, arthropod herbivores, detritivores and predators, and their abundances, areimportant components in the biotic interactions and the carbon and nutrient dynamics ofecosystems. The present study will experimentally examine the presence and abundance of soilarthropods in the context of forest plots under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. The goalsof this study are to understand the responses of species diversity to globally increasing carbondioxide and to understand how elevated CO2 environments may alter the processes underlyingthe trophic structure and function of forest ecosystems. Convincing evidence of the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down controls of foodwebs using experimental ecosystems has been obtained from aquatic habitats, but terrestrialecosystems, particularly trophic webs dominated by arthropods, have proven to be morerecalcitrant in yielding data. Large plant-mediated changes are predicted for grazing and detritalfood webs under elevated carbon dioxide. One of the major responses of plants derives from theincreased photosynthetic rate under elevated CO2 leading to an elevation of leaf carbohydratecontent and a depression of leaf nitrogen content, resulting in an increase in the leafcarbon:nitrogen ratio and apparently also an increased lignin:N ratio. These effects havebeen identified as a primary means by which elevated CO2 effects may be transmitted fromplants to other trophic levels. Thus, the quality of the food supply (bottom-up variable) for litterdecomposing biota is very likely to be changed by the elevated CO2 conditions which areprojected to occur within 50-75 years. Approach: This study will be conducted in two plantation forests, an eight year old sweetgum forestand a 14 year old loblolly pine forest, using 25 m or 30 m diameter, respectively, plots whichwill receive supplemental CO2 to raise the concentration in the canopy by +200 ppm overambient (approximately 550 ppm) or remain at ambient CO2 (approximately 350 ppm). TheFACE facilities at Duke University (loblolly pine) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory(sweetgum) are the most realistic approaches to date for examining the effects of CO2enrichment on forests. The presence and abundance of forest soil arthropod detritivoresand predators, as well as their activity in litter decomposition, will be assessed under the ambientand elevated CO2 conditions. Litter quality via altered nutritional and allelochemicalcharacteristics will also be measured. This study provides a unique approach in that we are ableto compare two intact forests, differing in tree species composition and soil characteristics, whichare experimentally manipulated in essentially the same manner. The similar climate shared at thesites enables us to compare, under a common framework of abiotic factors such as temperatureand moisture, how alterations in phytochemical constituents in leaf litter important to soilarthropods. The proposed research will: 1) determine how CO2 enrichment alters the litter qualityin a pine and a sweetgum forest through changes in important phytochemical constituents, e.g.nitrogen, lignin, non-structural carbohydrates, phenolics, and C:N and L:N ratios, 2) elucidatehow altered leaf litter chemistry in elevated CO2 plots affects the trophic structure and activitiesof soil arthropods (i e. test for bottom-up effects), and 3) assess how alterations in trophicdynamics affect the biodiversity of the soil system as species are replaced or disappear, andas functional groups of organisms change in their abundance and activity. Significance The control of trophic food webs of soil biota is a fundamental feature of forestecosystem function. The lack of experimental data from manipulated experiments within forestshas up to this time precluded understanding how global change driven alterations in trophicstructure could affect not only the activities of these systems, but the abundance and diversity ofthe organisms within them. These considerations become even more important as atmosphericCO2 concentration increases because of the effects CO2 enrichment has on plant physiologicalprocesses and phytochemical constituents, which are conveyed through trophic webs, can alsoaffect soil dwelling organisms and decomposition processes. This study will provide much needed data by examining the fundamental mechanismsunderlying changes in trophic structure and function in forests, as well as the biodiversity of theabundant, complex assemblage of soil arthropods. Because we are comparing two different foresttypes manipulated under similar conditions, we are able to broaden our results to the responses ofsoil biota to changing leaf litter quality of different compositions. By focusing on the mostspeciose groups of organisms within these forest ecosystems (i.e. soil arthropods), this study willprovide broadly applicable results about the relationship of biodiversity and ecosystem function.The data collected on soil arthropod abundances and diversity will be applicable on a muchbroader scale than has been possible before, increasing our understanding of how the diversityand trophic level function of soil biota may change in a future elevated CO2 atmosphere. |
| 英文关键词 | Global climate;anthropods;biodiversity;carbon dioxide;soil;forest ecosystem |
| 学科分类 | 07 - 农业科学 |
| 资助机构 | IN-DST |
| 项目经费 | 1348600 |
| URL | http://www.nstmis-dst.org/EMR/EMR2000-01/ViewData.aspx?id=3&sub=Agricultural+Sciences |
| 国家 | IN |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/77057 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | V. Venkataramanujam.Effect of modified atmosphere preservation on Meat quality.2000. |
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