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| Transcutaneous oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide and supplemental oxygen therapy in lower limb amputations - An observational study | |
| Whitlock, Richard | |
| 项目主持机构 | McMaster University |
| 开始日期 | 2012-03-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2013-02-28 |
| 英文摘要 | Climate modelling has become one of the major technical and scientific challenges of the century as a fierce controversy has arisen on the issues of climate change. One of the major caveats of climate simulations, which consist of coupling global ocean and atmospheric models, is the limitation in spatial resolution (~100 km) imposed by the high computing cost. This constrain greatly limits the realism of the physical processes parameterized in the model. The imminent arrival of petascale machines in France offers an inestimable opportunity to the climate modelling community to reduce recurrent biases and limit uncertainties in climate simulations and long-term climate change projection. In this project, we propose to take up this scientific challenge and explore new pathways toward a better representation of the multi-scale physics that drive climate variability. We are targeting to identify and quantify the key mechanisms (named “upscaling”) by which small-scale localized errors have a knock-on effect onto global climate. Our efforts will focus on key upscaling processes taking place in coastal upwelling areas, which hold the models strongest biases in the Tropics. Two major coastal upwelling regions (the Arabian Sea and the southeastern Pacific) that have great societal impacts, but differ in their characteristics and impacts on climate (El Niño and Monsoon) will focus our interest. Our approach aims at building a modeling platform for multi-scale ocean-atmosphere coupled simulations, by introducing embedded high–resolution oceanic and atmospheric zooms in key regions of a global climate model. By following this strategy, based on a 2-way nesting procedure, we will be able to represent major fine-scale oceanic and atmospheric dynamical processes in crucial areas, and allow these regional processes to feedback on the climate at global scale. To attain this goal, we will combine state-of-the-art and popular models: NEMO for the ocean, WRF for the atmosphere and OASIS for the coupler. WRF and NEMO are among the very few models able to run at global scale and to incorporate the 2-way embedded zooms functionality. Representing the only two models of the climate community in the PRACE benchmark set, these 2 models are also of particularly interest for the HPC community. Our methodology will consist in several steps. We will first introduce the regional zooms in only one component (ocean or atmosphere) of the system. The comparison of experiments with and without zooms in the Arabian Sea or in the southeast Pacific will allow explore oceanic or the atmospheric upscaling processes and quantify their impact on the large-scale tropical climate and recurrent models bias. In a second step we will introduce a fully coupled regional model into the global climate model, and investigate the upscaling impact of the regional coupled processes. In a third step, we will increase the spatial resolution of the models global and regional grids to reach peta-scale simulations performed on the Bullx machine “Curie”. We will then investigate the sensitivity of our results to the resolution and quantify the advantages of the multi-scale modelling approach. To achieve this work, we will need to succeed in several technical challenges: development of a coupling interface specific to the use of embedded zooms, timer for the fully parallelized version of the coupler, implementation and optimisation of a multi-scale coupled model on a peta-scale computer. The completion of this project will end up in the creation of the first multi-scale ocean-atmosphere coupled modeling platform, which constitutes a bridge between the global and regional approaches. This new tool, designed to explore the impact of the highest spatial resolution not yet approachable by the current climate models and investigate the role of selected upscaling processes, offers an unique opportunity to significantly improve the next generation of climate simulations. |
| 学科分类 | 14 - 医学科学 |
| 资助机构 | CA-CIHR |
| 项目经费 | 100000 |
| 项目类型 | Operating Grant - PA: Musculoskeletal Health, Arthritis, Skin and Oral Health |
| 国家 | CA |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/75369 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Whitlock, Richard.Transcutaneous oximetry, transcutaneous carbon dioxide and supplemental oxygen therapy in lower limb amputations - An observational study.2012. |
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