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| Collaborative Research: Multiple Approaches to Gain Increased Capture of Carbon Dioxide | |
| 项目编号 | 1359636 |
| Cheryl Kerfeld | |
| 项目主持机构 | Michigan State University |
| 开始日期 | 2014-06-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2017-05-31 |
| 英文摘要 | The project includes two elements essential for modeling aerosol-cloud-climate effects. The first involves adding marine organics and the second adding dust speciation information to the Modal Aerosol Model component to the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) within the Community Earth System Model.1. Implement primary marine organic aerosols into the modal aerosol module (MAM) and investigate their effects on climate in CAM5Primary organic aerosol emitted from the marine biogeochemical activities may play an important effect on cloud properties, precipitation and climate over the remote oceanic regions. However, this type of aerosol has not been included in MAM and its climatic effect not quantified. We propose to implement two new marine organic modes (MOM) into the 7-mode version of MAM (MAM7) to represent the marine organic aerosols in the Aitken- and accumulation-mode size range. There are five primary organic compounds in each MOM: polysaccharide, protein, lipid, humics, and fulvic acid, which generally have lower hygroscopicities than sea salt. By the aerosol microphysics (condensation and coagulation) these five marine organic compounds will be transferred to the other existing modes in MAM7 (i.e., Aitken, accumulation and primary carbon mode). We will link the parameterization of marine organic emissions to MAM. A parameterization framework has been developed at PNNL (Burrows et al. 2013) for the fractionation of marine organic matter into sea spray. The framework models aerosol organic enrichment as resulting from Langmuir adsorption of surface-active macromolecules at the surface of bursting bubbles. Distributions of macromolecular classes are estimated using output from a global marine biogeochemistry model. The parameterization independently produces relationships between chlorophyll-a and the sea spray organic mass fraction that are similar to existing empirical parameterizations in highly productive bloom regions, but which differ between seasons and ocean regions as a function of ocean biogeochemical variables. Once we link the emissions and produce the global distributions of marine organics in the atmosphere, we will evaluate and further improve the emission parameterization based on laboratory and field experiments. We will also implement the Gantt et al. (2011) parameterization and a recent formulation from the O'Dowd group for the emission of sea spray organics for the comparison. We will investigate the implication of marine organic aerosols on anthropogenic aerosol indirect forcing, and feedbacks among the marine biogeochemistry, atmospheric aerosol, clouds, and climate. 2. Adding dust speciation in MAM and investigate dust species effect on ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds in CAM5Mineral dust can affect climate directly by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly by modifying microphysical and radiative properties of clouds by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). Although these effects have been included in climate models, dust particles are generally treated as bulk properties, neglecting the fact that dust radiative and ice nucleation properties depend strongly on their mineralogical composition. We propose to implement an online dust mineralogy in MAM for CAM5 by predicting eight dust components (illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, hematite, quartz, calcite, feldspar, and gypsum) separately. The dust optical properties depend on the refractive indices of different dust components. Ice nucleation efficiencies of immersion freezing of cloud droplets in mixed-phase clouds are explicitly linked to the dust components based on parameterizations derived from the observations. CAM5 experiments will be conducted to investigate the impact of dust speciation on cloud properties (e.g., cloud water path, cloud fraction) and radiative fluxes. In one experiment, we will test the role of ice nucleation by K-feldspar mineral based on the parameterization by Atkinson et al. (2013), and compare it to two other simulations using the mineralogy-independent parameterizations for desert dust (Niemand et al. 2012; DeMott et al. 2010). Modeled IN number concentrations will be compared with data obtained from field observations. We will specifically examine the impact of dust speciation on mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic region. The model development of dust speciation in CAM5 will enable us to investigate the role of mineral dust in biogeochemical cycles for our future studies. For example, we are interested in the dust property changes due to the heterogeneous aging by the reactions with sulfuric and nitrate acids, the conversion of insoluble iron to soluble iron of dust particles and iron fertilization of the marine bio-productivity, role of dust in the paleoclimate change, etc. |
| 学科分类 | 06 - 生物科学;0605 - 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 |
| 资助机构 | US-NSF |
| 项目经费 | 466000 |
| 项目类型 | Standard Grant |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/74646 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Cheryl Kerfeld.Collaborative Research: Multiple Approaches to Gain Increased Capture of Carbon Dioxide.2014. |
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