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| NANOPOROUS CYCLIC BRUSH POLYMERS FOR SELECTIVE CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE | |
| 项目编号 | NNX15AQ08H |
| KAREN WOOLEY | |
| 项目主持机构 | TEXAS A & M, COLLEGE STATION |
| 开始日期 | 2015-08-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2019-07-31 |
| 英文摘要 | Sustained and substantial carbon (C) release from the Arctic is a wildcard with the potential to alter the future trajectory of climate change. While modern climate change is largely due to human activities, the future path also depends on the responses of terrestrial and ocean systems. A key societal question is whether there are tipping points, global C cycle surprises that will make climate change effects such as sea-level rise, extreme weather, droughts, and impacts on agriculture occur faster than currently projected by models. Recently, attention has been drawn to permafrost (perennially frozen ground) thaw as a mechanism that could move significant quantities of Arctic C into the atmosphere in response to a changing climate. This so-called vulnerable C pool has been identified to be susceptible to both the direct and indirect effects of climate change, but the level of risk and timescale of change is currently highly uncertain. The goal of this proposal is to address the following overarching question: How will the response of permafrost ecosystem C balance to warming and thaw affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations and future climate? We hypothesize that the transfer of old soil C to the atmosphere will occur as a result of permafrost thaw and the microbial decomposition of soil organic matter. Because permafrost C has accumulated over thousands of years, radiocarbon dating of respired C provides a unique and sensitive fingerprint for tracking changes in the permafrost C pool that affect climate. This is likely to be the only technology that can detect the release of permafrost C directly. The critical question centers on how fast this process will occur. Abrupt releases of greenhouse gas forecast to cause trillions of dollars of economic damage to global society contrast with predictions of slower, sustained C gas release that would give society more time to adapt. Recent advances in the measurement and application of radiocarbon technology to the global C cycle and climate change are uniquely poised to address this question. Deployment of radiocarbon technologies enables us to observe and detect changes in the permafrost C pool, and predict the magnitude, timing, and form of C release to the atmosphere.We are testing the overarching question using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure isotope ratios and C fluxes in a tundra ecosystem exposed to experimental warming. Field measurements center on the establishment of a two-factor experimental warming using a snow fence and open top chambers to increase winter and summer temperatures alone, and in combination, at a tundra field site at the Eight Mile Lake watershed near Healy, Alaska. The objective of this experimental warming is to significantly raise air and deep soil temperatures and increase the depth of thaw beyond that of previous warming experiments that could not warm the soil substantially due to experimental artifacts. Field and lab measurements are combined with modeling using data assimilation techniques that utilize measurement streams from the multifactor experiment to derive parameter values for large-scale models. In particular, this modeling work focuses on the utility of radiocarbon measurements for constraining slow C pools, and the effect of ecosystem acclimation on C balance projections. In summary, high latitude soils may act as a significant positive feedback to climate change if the old C that forms the bulk of the soil pool is respired to the atmosphere following permafrost thaw. This old C, if lost to the atmosphere, should be detectable in the radiocarbon respired from the ecosystem. The combination of high precision isotopic techniques, an ecosystem-scale field manipulation, and improvements to ecosystem models will help further develop an approach that could be useful for widespread monitoring of the response of high latitude ecosystems to global environmental change. |
| 学科分类 | 11 - 工程与技术;1107 - 航空航天工程;03 - 天文学 |
| 资助机构 | US-NASA |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/74115 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | KAREN WOOLEY.NANOPOROUS CYCLIC BRUSH POLYMERS FOR SELECTIVE CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE.2015. |
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