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| SBIR Phase I: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Purification of Electrolytically Synthesized Graphite | |
| 项目编号 | 1647601 |
| Benjamin Rush | |
| 项目主持机构 | Saratoga Energy Research Partners LLC |
| 开始日期 | 2016-12-15 |
| 结束日期 | 2017-05-31 |
| 英文摘要 | The level of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere is unique in our solar system and reflects the long history of life on Earth. It also leads to a singular oxidizing chemistry that regulates the levels of atmospheric reactive trace gases. This is of importance since some of these reactive gases, even if in trace amount, can strongly interact with life and climate. Indeed, reactive trace gases might have been key factors in massive life extinctions in the deep past via abrupt climate warming, the collapse of the stratospheric protective ozone layer, or intense acid rains. During the Cenozoic era (the last 66 Ma), environmental conditions have vastly varied but these changes, less abrupt or more localized than previously in the Earth history, have allowed life to diversify continuously and allowed in particular the mammalian evolution. If there were changes in the atmospheric composition, notably oxidizing capacity, during this period, those changes should therefore have been spatially limited or of moderate amplitude. Yet the Cenozoic era covers a wide variety of environmental conditions related to a gradual cooling of the climate of great amplitude (> 20 ° C) from a hot world, with a very strong greenhouse effect allowing tropical vegetation at high latitudes and very active carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles, to the current glacial climate. In such varied climate and environments, one can expect modifications in the regulation of reactive compounds by atmospheric chemistry. Over the last decade, field observations and then laboratory and theoretical works have revealed chemical mechanisms involved in the pristine atmospheres, such as the recycling of radicals over forests or a new halogenated chemistry over the oceans. This has definitely changed our vision of the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere in untouched areas. In PaleOX, we aim to explore how the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere has evolved throughout the Cenozoic era and how this has affected the lifetime of reactive short-lived climate forcers such as ozone or methane. To this end, PaleOX aims to study the atmospheric reactivity for five key periods of the Cenozoic by bridging the gap between the cutting-edge past climate modelling methodologies and the state of the art in atmospheric chemistry. A new Earth system model with up-to-dated representations of pristine atmospheric chemistry at its heart will be assembled to simulate consistently atmospheric chemical composition and climate at different stages of the Cenozoic. In parallel, unreleased samples of volcanic sulfate deposits coupled with advanced analysis of their isotopic composition will bring new information on the importance of past atmospheric oxidation pathways, bringing valuable constrains to the numerical analyses. The ultimate goal of this project is to determine how the self-cleaning capacity of the atmosphere changed during the Cenozoic era taking into account information and assumptions about the evolution of vegetation, fires and climatic constraints based on various proxies available in the literature. The fact that modelling methodologies currently used to study deep time climates tend to neglect interactions between chemical cycles of short lived climate forcers and climate will be examined. The possible role of these chemistry-climate links in modulating climate change and gradients will be explored and conditions of surfaces (e.g. UV levels, concentrations of compounds that can alter the functioning of ecosystems, acid deposition) will be characterized. The feedback loops induced by changes in chemical composition of the atmosphere will be assessed in various contexts. |
| 学科分类 | 11 - 工程与技术 |
| 资助机构 | US-NSF |
| 项目经费 | 225000 |
| 项目类型 | Standard Grant |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/73689 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Benjamin Rush.SBIR Phase I: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Purification of Electrolytically Synthesized Graphite.2016. |
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