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| Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change | |
| 项目编号 | R824801 |
| Heinz G. Stefan | |
| 项目主持机构 | North Carolina State University |
| 开始日期 | 1995-10-01 |
| 结束日期 | 1998-09-01 |
| 英文摘要 | Project Research Results Final Report 1997 1996 43 publications for this project 20 journal articles for this project Related Information Research Grants P3: Student Design Competition Research Fellowships Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grantee Research Project Results Search Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change EPA Grant Number: R824801 Title: Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. , Fang, Xing Current Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. Institution:University of Minnesota , Lamar University - Beaumont Current Institution:University of Minnesota , St. Anthony Falls Laboratory EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1998 Project Amount: $300,000 RFA: Regional Hydrologic Vulnerability to Global Climate Change (1995)Recipients Lists Research Category:Global Climate Change ,Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration ,Water ,Climate Change Description: The project goal is to develop and apply computational simulation methods which link hydrology, water qualityand fish habitat in lakes and streams to climate conditions. Cold regions and their migration to higher latitudes oraltitudes under climate warming are the regional focus of this research. Projected climate warming is expected to have aparticularly strong impact on ecosystems and aquatic resources in cold regions, particularly water availability andfisheries. The systematic method of approach has been developed. Water quality is simulated by deterministic, process-oriented,unsteady models. Criteria for fish response to water quality are then used to determine habitat volume or area and fishproductivity. The methodology is being extended to winter simulations, i.e., low temperature tolerance criteria for fishesand related ecosystem components. Validation and application is necessary to project changes subsequent to potential globalclimate change, for example, shifts in fish habitats, the potential for invasion of warmwater fishes into these habitats,the changes in ice conditions, etc. Preliminary results include development of an ice cover submodel which is used in a lake water quality model to projectclimate change effects on lakes, especially small lakes with surface areas up to 10 km2 and depths up to 24m in the coldregions of the contiguous United States. The two main parameters studied are lake water temperature (T) and dissolvedoxygen (DO) concentration, which are most directly influenced by climate and which in turn have much influence on aquaticlifeforms, water quality, and water uses. Information will be obtained on evaporative water losses from lakes, ice coverson lakes, and sediment temperatures below lakes. The basic simulation results are 19-year averages of daily water temperatures and DO profiles in lakes, ice thicknesses,evaporative water losses, sediment temperatures, etc. From those results more easily interpretable and useful parameterswere extracted, e.g., duration of ice cover, water temperature maxima and minima, DO maxima and minima both at the surfaceand the bottom of a lake. They were related to three independent lake parameters: surface area, maximum depth, and Secchidepth. Maps of the U.S. giving the geographic distribution of each dependent lake parameter were then prepared. To include climate change effects in the watershed into lake models, the relationship between runoff and climate in twosmall watersheds in the mid-continental U.S. is being examined. A parametric runoff model has been developed and applied totwo watersheds with substantially different climates. For streams the watershed input makes the climate effect moredifficult to capture. Mean monthly stream runoff can be simulated well, if four calibration parameters are used for thewatershed. Stream temperatures are well correlated with air temperatures at the monthly and weekly timescales. Through modeling we can quantify how aquatic systems respond to climate, particularly winter changes. The results include,but are not limited to information on cold region lake quality characteristics, streamflows and stream temperatures, periodsand thicknesses of ice covers. The results so far show that one can model climate effects on significant lake water qualityparameters. Overall the results indicate that simulations can proceed to fish habitat and water availability estimates. In the next steps, the lake simulations need to be validated in one or two other regions, and then the 2xCO2 climatescenario needs to be applied at the continental scale. The fish habitat parameters need to be extracted from thetemperature and DO simulation results. Upper thermal tolerance criteria need to be applied for coldwater and coolwater fishspecies. Lower thermal tolerance criteria need to be developed for warmwater fish species. In the final analysis, the responses to the 1xCO2 (past) and 2xCO2 climate scenario can be compared and an assessment of potential climate change effects can be given. Publications and Presentations: Publications have been submitted on this project:View all 43 publications for this project Journal Articles: Journal Articles have been submitted on this project:View all 20 journal articles for this project Supplemental Keywords: water, watershed, global climate, vulnerability, sensitve population, aquatic, habitat, hydrology, limnology, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, Water, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, Hydrology, Water & Watershed, exploratory research environmental biology, Ecosystem/Assessment/Indicators, Ecosystem Protection, climate change, Ecological Effects - Environmental Exposure & Risk, Wet Weather Flows, Environmental Monitoring, Atmospheric Sciences, Ecological Risk Assessment, Watersheds, Ecological Indicators, sensitive populations, water resources, limnology, aquatic ecosystem, collaborative hydrologic modeling, ecosystem modeling, hydrologic dynamics, ecological exposure, fish habitats, climate change impact, fish habitat, watershed, precipitation monitoring, water availability, ecological modeling, hydrologic models, precipitation patterns, ecosystem effects, ecological impacts, climate models, cold regions, alternative climate conditions, rainfall patterns, aquatic ecosystems, water quality, land and water resources, fish , temperature variables, wet weather modeling, climate variability, Global Climate Change Progress and Final Reports: 1996 1997 Final ReportProject Research Results Final Report 1997 1996 43 publications for this project 20 journal articles for this project Related Information Research Grants P3: Student Design Competition Research Fellowships Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grantee Research Project Results Search Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change EPA Grant Number: R824801 Title: Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. , Fang, Xing Current Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. Institution:University of Minnesota , Lamar University - Beaumont Current Institution:University of Minnesota , St. Anthony Falls Laboratory EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1998 Project Amount: $300,000 RFA: Regional Hydrologic Vulnerability to Global Climate Change (1995)Recipients Lists Research Category:Global Climate Change ,Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration ,Water ,Climate Change Description: The project goal is to develop and apply computational simulation methods which link hydrology, water qualityand fish habitat in lakes and streams to climate conditions. Cold regions and their migration to higher latitudes oraltitudes under climate warming are the regional focus of this research. Projected climate warming is expected to have aparticularly strong impact on ecosystems and aquatic resources in cold regions, particularly water availability andfisheries. The systematic method of approach has been developed. Water quality is simulated by deterministic, process-oriented,unsteady models. Criteria for fish response to water quality are then used to determine habitat volume or area and fishproductivity. The methodology is being extended to winter simulations, i.e., low temperature tolerance criteria for fishesand related ecosystem components. Validation and application is necessary to project changes subsequent to potential globalclimate change, for example, shifts in fish habitats, the potential for invasion of warmwater fishes into these habitats,the changes in ice conditions, etc. Preliminary results include development of an ice cover submodel which is used in a lake water quality model to projectclimate change effects on lakes, especially small lakes with surface areas up to 10 km2 and depths up to 24m in the coldregions of the contiguous United States. The two main parameters studied are lake water temperature (T) and dissolvedoxygen (DO) concentration, which are most directly influenced by climate and which in turn have much influence on aquaticlifeforms, water quality, and water uses. Information will be obtained on evaporative water losses from lakes, ice coverson lakes, and sediment temperatures below lakes. The basic simulation results are 19-year averages of daily water temperatures and DO profiles in lakes, ice thicknesses,evaporative water losses, sediment temperatures, etc. From those results more easily interpretable and useful parameterswere extracted, e.g., duration of ice cover, water temperature maxima and minima, DO maxima and minima both at the surfaceand the bottom of a lake. They were related to three independent lake parameters: surface area, maximum depth, and Secchidepth. Maps of the U.S. giving the geographic distribution of each dependent lake parameter were then prepared. To include climate change effects in the watershed into lake models, the relationship between runoff and climate in twosmall watersheds in the mid-continental U.S. is being examined. A parametric runoff model has been developed and applied totwo watersheds with substantially different climates. For streams the watershed input makes the climate effect moredifficult to capture. Mean monthly stream runoff can be simulated well, if four calibration parameters are used for thewatershed. Stream temperatures are well correlated with air temperatures at the monthly and weekly timescales. Through modeling we can quantify how aquatic systems respond to climate, particularly winter changes. The results include,but are not limited to information on cold region lake quality characteristics, streamflows and stream temperatures, periodsand thicknesses of ice covers. The results so far show that one can model climate effects on significant lake water qualityparameters. Overall the results indicate that simulations can proceed to fish habitat and water availability estimates. In the next steps, the lake simulations need to be validated in one or two other regions, and then the 2xCO2 climatescenario needs to be applied at the continental scale. The fish habitat parameters need to be extracted from thetemperature and DO simulation results. Upper thermal tolerance criteria need to be applied for coldwater and coolwater fishspecies. Lower thermal tolerance criteria need to be developed for warmwater fish species. In the final analysis, the responses to the 1xCO2 (past) and 2xCO2 climate scenario can be compared and an assessment of potential climate change effects can be given. Publications and Presentations: Publications have been submitted on this project:View all 43 publications for this project Journal Articles: Journal Articles have been submitted on this project:View all 20 journal articles for this project Supplemental Keywords: water, watershed, global climate, vulnerability, sensitve population, aquatic, habitat, hydrology, limnology, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Air, Water, Ecosystem Protection/Environmental Exposure & Risk, Hydrology, Water & Watershed, exploratory research environmental biology, Ecosystem/Assessment/Indicators, Ecosystem Protection, climate change, Ecological Effects - Environmental Exposure & Risk, Wet Weather Flows, Environmental Monitoring, Atmospheric Sciences, Ecological Risk Assessment, Watersheds, Ecological Indicators, sensitive populations, water resources, limnology, aquatic ecosystem, collaborative hydrologic modeling, ecosystem modeling, hydrologic dynamics, ecological exposure, fish habitats, climate change impact, fish habitat, watershed, precipitation monitoring, water availability, ecological modeling, hydrologic models, precipitation patterns, ecosystem effects, ecological impacts, climate models, cold regions, alternative climate conditions, rainfall patterns, aquatic ecosystems, water quality, land and water resources, fish , temperature variables, wet weather modeling, climate variability, Global Climate Change Progress and Final Reports: 1996 1997 Final ReportProject Research Results Final Report 1997 1996 43 publications for this project 20 journal articles for this project Related Information Research Grants P3: Student Design Competition Research Fellowships Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grantee Research Project Results Search Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change EPA Grant Number: R824801 Title: Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. , Fang, Xing Current Investigators: Stefan, Heinz G. Institution:University of Minnesota , Lamar University - Beaumont Current Institution:University of Minnesota , St. Anthony Falls Laboratory EPA Project Officer: Chung, Serena Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1998 Project Amount: $300,000 RFA: Regional Hydrologic Vulnerability to Global Climate Change (1995)Recipients Lists Research Category:Global Climate Change ,Ecological Indicators/Assessment/Restoration ,Water ,Climate Change Description: The project goal is to develop and apply computational simulation methods which link hydrology, water qualityand fish habitat in lakes and streams to climate conditions. Cold regions and their migration to higher latitudes oraltitudes under climate warming are the regional focus of this research. Projected climate warming is expected to have aparticularly strong impact on ecosystems and aquatic resources in cold regions, particularly water availability andfisheries. The systematic method of approach has been developed. Water quality is simulated by deterministic, process-oriented,unsteady models. Criteria for fish response to water quality are then used to determine habitat volume or area and fishproductivity. The methodology is being extended to winter simulations, i.e., low temperature tolerance criteria for fishesand related ecosystem components. Validation and application is necessary to project changes subsequent to potential globalclimate change, for example, shifts in fish habitats, the potential for invasion of warmwater fishes into these habitats,the changes in ice conditions, etc. Preliminary results include development of an ice cover submodel which is used in a lake water quality model to projectclimate change effects on lakes, especially small lakes with surface areas up to 10 km2 and depths up to 24m in the coldregions of the contiguous United States. The two main parameters studied are lake water temperature (T) and dissolvedoxygen (DO) concentration, which are most directly influenced by climate and which in turn have much influence on aquaticlifeforms, water quality, and water uses. Information will be obtained on evaporative water losses from lakes, ice coverson lakes, and sediment temperatures below lakes. The basic simulation results are 19-year averages of daily water temperatures and DO profiles in lakes, ice thicknesses,evaporative water losses, sediment temperatures, etc. From those results more easily interpretable and useful parameterswere extracted, e.g., duration of ice cover, water temperature maxima and minima, DO maxima and minima both at the surfaceand the bottom of a lake. They were related to three independent lake parameters: surface area, maximum depth, and Secchidepth. Maps of the U.S. giving the geographic distribution of each dependent lake parameter were then prepared. To include climate change effects in the watershed into lake models, the relationship between runoff and climate in twosmall watersheds in the mid-continental U.S. is being examined. A parametric runoff model has been developed and applied totwo watersheds with substantially different climates. For streams the watershed input makes the climate effect moredifficult to capture. Mean monthly stream runoff can be simulated well, if four calibration parameters are used for thewatershed. Stream temperatures are well correlated with air temperatures at the monthly and weekly timescales. Through modeling we can quantify how aquatic systems respond to climate, particularly winter changes. The results include,but are not limited to information on cold region lake quality characteristics, streamflows and stream temperatures, periodsand thicknesses of ice covers. The results so far show that one can model climate effects on significant lake water qualityparameters. Overall the results indicate that simulations can proceed to fish habitat and water availability estimates. In the next steps, the lake simulations need to be validated in one or two other regions, and then the 2xCO2 climatescenario needs to be applied at the continental scale. The fish habitat parameters need to be extracted from thetemperature and DO simulation results. Upper thermal tolerance criteria need to be applied for coldwater and coolwater fishspecies. Lower thermal tolerance criteria need to be developed for warmwater fish species. In the final analysis, the responses to the 1xCO2 (past) and 2xCO2 climate scenario can be compared and an assessment of potential climate change effects can be given. |
| 英文关键词 | water;watershed;global climate;vulnerability;sensitve population;aquatic, habitat;hydrology;limnology |
| 学科分类 | 09 - 环境科学;08 - 地球科学 |
| 资助机构 | US-EPA |
| 项目经费 | 300000 |
| 国家 | US |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/73012 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Heinz G. Stefan.Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate Change.1995. |
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