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| Polar URban centres | |
| 项目编号 | ANR-15-CE22-0006 |
| Madame Yvette Vaguet | |
| 项目主持机构 | Identités et Différenciationsde l'Environnement des Espaces et des Sociétés (IDEES) |
| 开始日期 | 2015-10-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2019-4-01 |
| 英文摘要 | According to Laurence Smith: “by mid-century (...) the world (...) will have titled its political and economic axes radically to the north” (The New North – the world in 2050, 2010). Whatever it will be, four key issues of worldwide interests are already identified in the Arctic: population growth & migration, natural resource demand, climate change and globalisation. Three years ago, the United Nations put the question in these terms: “The rapid growth of the Arctic population… and its increasing concentration in urban settlements has significant implications for the fragile ecosystems of the north. The pressures of urbanization in the Arctic are comparable to those elsewhere but are magnified by the challenges of the climate and remoteness” (GEO-3: Urban growth in the Arctic, 2012). Indeed, the circumpolar North experiences normalization trough globalization as never before. The fabled Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route are opening as new commercial routes shortening time and cost to ship goods between Asia, Europe and North America. Climate change (CC) constitutes one of the key-factor of this ongoing development. Fundamentally, it is transforming the Arctic ecosystems, governments, economies, people and cultures. Furthermore, the Intergovernmental Panel on CC (2007) wrote these transformations will accelerate as warming in these latitudes is expected to be at least 2-3 times greater than elsewhere. Temperature-related responses (storms, thawing permafrost…) will have greater biophysical and societal impacts than temperature alone. Therefore, the CC effects like compression of the tundra with the moving north of the tree line must be placed in the vulnerability context with other stressors like land-use changes, resource extraction and urban development. On the top of this, these changes will reinforce the global warming in a positive feedback loop. However, the world has still very low knowledge on the ongoing urbanisation process taking place around the Arctic Ocean. How far the North, yesterday a frontier for the market economy, today its periphery, may become tomorrow one of its new central regions? Despite this emerging and burning issue, this object is rarely represented in national and international research. Therefore, the topic is original with strong potential. In this context, our project aims to create, analyse and diffuse a database on the settlement and its dynamics especially migrations and urbanisation processes within the circumpolar North in order to discuss vulnerability and sustainability concepts in a severe environment under globalisation. Indeed, Polar URban centres (PUR) are predicted to be more numerous and populous; some new ports could appear for instance as a response to the increase of commercial and tourism shipping. PUR are expected to play a key-role in the forthcoming development and attract people including non-polar ones. The polar identity of these neo-residents is indeed of a great importance for local authorities, to a point of view of sustainable town. The originality of the subject is reinforced by the originality of the methods with important outputs. Five work packages complement one another, providing a multi-level analysis with methodological approaches coupling mainly quantitative approaches (viewed from above: GIS, Spatial Analysis, Remote Sensing) with a qualitative approach based on the individual perception (viewed from below: field investigations with in-depth interview of inhabitants). The project includes two transversal reflections on Sustainable town and Mobility and Identity. Far from seeking a uniform model, the comparative approach leads the project into questioning the determinism notion. At the end, the project will portray the complexity of the geographical development models in the North and provide a grid of lecture of sustainability and vulnerabilities of the northern communities and territories. |
| 资助机构 | FR-ANR |
| 项目经费 | 459925 |
| 项目类型 | Systèmes urbains durables (DS0601) 2015 |
| URL | http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en/anr-funded-project/?solr=run&tx_lwmsuivibilan_pi2%5BCODE%5D=ANR-15-CE22-0006 |
| 国家 | FR |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/69857 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Madame Yvette Vaguet.Polar URban centres.2015. |
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