Climate Change Data Portal
| Should birds use plants as a remedy for climate change? | |
| 项目编号 | ANR-15-CE02-0005 |
| Monsieur Samuel Caro | |
| 项目主持机构 | Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive |
| 开始日期 | 2015-10-01 |
| 结束日期 | 2019-10-01 |
| 英文摘要 | The rate at which climate is changing represents one of the biggest threats for biodiversity of our times. One way changes in climate and environment influence population resilience is through the modification of the seasonal timing of life-cycle events like plant flowering, animal reproduction, migration or hibernation, which all have major fitness consequences. Shifts in timing have been reported for many species, but plants, insects and vertebrates shift at different rates, and as a consequence, many organisms become progressively mismatched to their food supply. This increasing mismatch in timing leads to natural selection on the physiological mechanisms underlying timing. Therefore, if we want to know whether species will be able to adapt fast enough to keep up with their changing world, we first need to understand how organisms perceive and proximately respond to the variability of their environment: which cues do they use and at which physiological levels do these cues act? I will study population responses to environmental changes through the trophic relations between birds, vegetation and insects. In particular I will investigate how blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) use bud development on oak trees in spring to predict the peak of caterpillar abundance (i.e. the main found source for raising tits' chicks, and the main selection factor for tits' timing of breeding), a totally new approach to climate change biology. First, I will link small-scale geographic variation in bud development with variation in reproductive decisions of individual blue tits, and test the fitness consequences of matching the phenology of trees. Next, I will test whether the influence of vegetation phenology on timing of reproduction of blue tits occurs through the ingestion or through the smell of chemical compounds present in developing oak buds. I will identify the main components that vary across the season in buds and add them to the food (ingestion) or diffuse them in the aviaries (smell) where birds will be housed. I will monitor the effects of those compounds on birds' physiology (reproductive hormones, etc.) and timing of reproduction. Next, I will test the attractiveness of several molecules present in alarm-signals emitted by trees when attacked by insect herbivores. Such signals are known to attract birds that are foraging, but we ignore whether they also act as predictive signals. Moreover, the identity of the compounds to which birds are sensitive is still unknown, despite the enormous potential of such molecules in agricultural-pest control. I will study all these mechanisms using two Corsican populations of blue tits that have, over a period of thousands of years, adapted their timing of reproduction to a major change of their habitat (i.e. a change in the seasonality of the vegetation). These populations thus set an example to follow for populations that currently face global warming. Finally, I will use the knowledge gained about which component(s) of plant phenology modulate(s) Corsican blue tit timing, and at which physiological level(s) this influence is operating, to describe how Dutch blue tits should face global warming. In particular I will describe how genetically early and late families of Dutch blue tits are expected to differ in their responses to tree phenology. I will monitor the best physiological proxies that will have been identified in Corsican blue tits. In parallel, I will monitor, in that same Dutch population, the chemical compounds found in buds that will have been identified as the most influential on blue tit physiological and behavioural traits. That way, I will be able to see whether different families of blue tits have already started to respond to climate change by adjusting their sensitivity to tree phenology. In other words, I will assess their mechanistic adaptability to climate change. |
| 资助机构 | FR-ANR |
| 项目经费 | 257920 |
| 项目类型 | Comprendre et prévoir les évolutions de notre environnement (DS0101) 2015 |
| URL | http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/en/anr-funded-project/?solr=run&tx_lwmsuivibilan_pi2%5BCODE%5D=ANR-15-CE02-0005 |
| 国家 | FR |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 文献类型 | 项目 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/69856 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Monsieur Samuel Caro.Should birds use plants as a remedy for climate change?.2015. |
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