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DOI10.1039/c8em00047f
Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches
Nelson, Kara L.1; Boehm, Alexandria B.2; Davies-Colley, Robert J.3; Dodd, Michael C.4; Kohn, Tamar5; Linden, Karl. G.6; Liu, Yuanyuan7; Maraccini, Peter A.2; McNeill, Kristopher8; Mitch, William A.2; Nguyen, Thanh H.9; Parker, Kimberly M.10; Rodriguez, Roberto A.11; Sassoubre, Lauren M.12; Silverman, Andrea I.13; Wigginton, Krista R.14; Zepp, Richard G.15
发表日期2018-08-01
ISSN2050-7887
卷号20期号:8页码:1089-1122
英文摘要

Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure. Viruses that are not susceptible to exogenous inactivation are only inactivated if UVB wavelengths (280-320 nm) are present, such as in very clear, open waters or in containers that are transparent to UVB. Bacteria are susceptible to slightly longer wavelengths. Some viruses and bacteria (especially Gram-positive) are susceptible to exogenous inactivation, which can be initiated by visible as well as UV wavelengths. We review approaches to model sunlight-mediated inactivation and illustrate how the environmental conditions can dramatically shift the inactivation rate of organisms. The implications of this mechanistic understanding of solar inactivation are discussed for a range of applications, including recreational water quality, natural treatment systems, solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS), and enhanced inactivation via the use of sensitizers and photocatalysts. Finally, priorities for future research are identified that will further our understanding of the key role that sunlight disinfection plays in natural systems and the potential to enhance this process in engineered systems.


语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:000441765000001
来源期刊ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
来源机构美国环保署
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/62052
作者单位1.Univ Calif Berkeley, Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
2.Stanford Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA;
3.Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand;
4.Univ Washington, Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;
5.Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Civil & Environm Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland;
6.Univ Colorado, Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA;
7.Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China;
8.ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland;
9.Univ Illinois, Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA;
10.Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA;
11.Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, El Paso, TX USA;
12.SUNY Buffalo, Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY USA;
13.NYU, Civil & Urban Engn, New York, NY 10003 USA;
14.Univ Michigan, Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA;
15.US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Nelson, Kara L.,Boehm, Alexandria B.,Davies-Colley, Robert J.,et al. Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches[J]. 美国环保署,2018,20(8):1089-1122.
APA Nelson, Kara L..,Boehm, Alexandria B..,Davies-Colley, Robert J..,Dodd, Michael C..,Kohn, Tamar.,...&Zepp, Richard G..(2018).Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS,20(8),1089-1122.
MLA Nelson, Kara L.,et al."Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 20.8(2018):1089-1122.
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