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DOI10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.011
IWGT report on quantitative approaches to genotoxicity risk assessment I. Methods and metrics for defining exposure-response relationships and points of departure (PoDs)
MacGregor, James T.1; Froetschl, Roland2; White, Paul A.3; Crump, Kenny S.; Eastmond, David A.4; Fukushima, Shoji5; Guerard, Melanie6; Hayashi, Makoto7; Soeteman-Hernandez, Lya G.8; Kasamatsu, Toshio9; Levy, Dan D.10; Morita, Takeshi11; Mueller, Lutz12; Schoeny, Rita13; Schuler, Maik J.14; Thybaud, Veronique15; Johnson, George E.16
发表日期2015-05-01
ISSN1383-5718
卷号783页码:55-65
英文摘要

This report summarizes the discussion, conclusions, and points of consensus of the IWGT Working Group on Quantitative Approaches to Genetic Toxicology Risk Assessment (QWG) based on a meeting in Foz do Iguacu, Brazil October 31 November 2, 2013. Topics addressed included (1) the need for quantitative dose response analysis, (2) methods to analyze exposure response relationships & derive point of departure (PoD) metrics, (3) points of departure (PoD) and mechanistic threshold considerations, (4) approaches to define exposure-related risks, (5) empirical relationships between genetic damage (mutation) and cancer, and (6) extrapolations across test systems and species. This report discusses the first three of these topics and a companion report discusses the latter three. The working group critically examined methods for determining point of-departure metrics (PoDs) that could be used to estimate low-dose risk of genetic damage and from which extrapolation to acceptable exposure levels could be made using appropriate mode of action information and uncertainty factors. These included benchmark doses (BMDs) derived from fitting families of exponential models, the No Observed Genotoxic Effect Level (NOGEL), and "threshold" or breakpoint dose (BPD) levels derived from bilinear models when mechanistic data supported this approach. The QWG recognizes that scientific evidence suggests that thresholds below which genotoxic effects do not occur likely exist for both DNA-reactive and DNA-nonreactive substances, but notes that small increments of the spontaneous level cannot be unequivocally excluded either by experimental measurement or by mathematical modeling. Therefore, rather than debating the theoretical possibility of such low-dose effects, emphasis should be placed on determination of PoDs from which acceptable exposure levels can be determined by extrapolation using available mechanistic information and appropriate uncertainty factors. This approach places the focus on minimization of the genotoxic risk, which protects against the risk of the development of diseases resulting from the genetic damage. Based on analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each method, the QWG concluded that the order of preference of PoD metrics is the statistical lower bound on the BMD > the NOGEL > a statistical lower bound on the BPD. A companion report discusses the use of these metrics in genotoxicity risk assessment, including scaling and uncertainty factors to be considered when extrapolating below the PoD and/or across test systems and to the human. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.


英文关键词Genotoxicity;Quantitative risk assessment;Points of departure;Benchmark dose
语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:000355351700007
来源期刊MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
来源机构美国环保署
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/61932
作者单位1.Toxicol Consulting Serv, Bonita Springs, FL 14620 USA;
2.Bundesinst Arzneimittel & Medizinprod, Bonn, Germany;
3.Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada;
4.Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA;
5.Japan Bioassay Res Ctr, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan;
6.F Hoffmann La Roche & Co Ltd, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland;
7.Biosafety Res Ctr Foods Drugs & Pesticides, Shizuoka, Japan;
8.RIVM Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Bilthoven, Netherlands;
9.Kao Corp, Haga Gun, Tochigi, Japan;
10.US FDA, College Pk, MD USA;
11.Natl Inst Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan;
12.Hoffmann La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland;
13.US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA;
14.Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT 06340 USA;
15.Sanofi Rech, Vitry Sur Seine, France;
16.Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
MacGregor, James T.,Froetschl, Roland,White, Paul A.,et al. IWGT report on quantitative approaches to genotoxicity risk assessment I. Methods and metrics for defining exposure-response relationships and points of departure (PoDs)[J]. 美国环保署,2015,783:55-65.
APA MacGregor, James T..,Froetschl, Roland.,White, Paul A..,Crump, Kenny S..,Eastmond, David A..,...&Johnson, George E..(2015).IWGT report on quantitative approaches to genotoxicity risk assessment I. Methods and metrics for defining exposure-response relationships and points of departure (PoDs).MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS,783,55-65.
MLA MacGregor, James T.,et al."IWGT report on quantitative approaches to genotoxicity risk assessment I. Methods and metrics for defining exposure-response relationships and points of departure (PoDs)".MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 783(2015):55-65.
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