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DOI10.5194/acp-14-4955-2014
Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley
Gentner, D. R.1; Ford, T. B.2; Guha, A.3; Boulanger, K.1; Brioude, J.4,5; Angevine, W. M.4,5; de Gouw, J. A.4,5; Warneke, C.4,5; Gilman, J. B.4,5; Ryerson, T. B.4,5; Peischl, J.4,5; Meinardi, S.6; Blake, D. R.6; Atlas, E.7; Lonneman, W. A.8; Kleindienst, T. E.8; Beaver, M. R.9; St Clair, J. M.9; Wennberg, P. O.9; VandenBoer, T. C.10; Markovic, M. Z.10; Murphy, J. G.10; Harley, R. A.1; Goldstein, A. H.1,3
发表日期2014
ISSN1680-7316
卷号14期号:10页码:4955-4978
英文摘要

Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. It is essential to understand the emissions and air quality impacts of these relatively understudied sources, especially for oil/gas operations in light of increasing US production. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and regional aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds and methane were part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions, and provide average source profiles. To examine the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley, we developed a statistical modeling method using ground-based data and the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes, most of which have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in petroleum operation emissions. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The petroleum operations source profile was developed using the composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil. The observed source profile is consistent with fugitive emissions of condensate during storage or processing of associated gas following extraction and methane separation. Aircraft observations of concentration hotspots near oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via our FLEXPART-WRF-based modeling method and ground-based data. We quantitatively compared our observations at Bakersfield to the California Air Resources Board emission inventory and find consistency for relative emission rates of reactive organic gases between the aforementioned sources and motor vehicles in the region. We estimate that petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon at Bakersfield and were each responsible for 8-13% of potential precursors to ozone. Yet, their direct impacts as potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors were estimated to be minor for the source profiles observed in the San Joaquin Valley.


语种英语
WOS记录号WOS:000336740000008
来源期刊ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
来源机构美国环保署
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/61755
作者单位1.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
2.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
3.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA;
4.Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA;
5.NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA;
6.Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA;
7.Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA;
8.US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA;
9.CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA;
10.Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Gentner, D. R.,Ford, T. B.,Guha, A.,et al. Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley[J]. 美国环保署,2014,14(10):4955-4978.
APA Gentner, D. R..,Ford, T. B..,Guha, A..,Boulanger, K..,Brioude, J..,...&Goldstein, A. H..(2014).Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,14(10),4955-4978.
MLA Gentner, D. R.,et al."Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 14.10(2014):4955-4978.
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