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DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.118 |
A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products | |
Huang, Lei1; Ernstoff, Alexi2; Fantke, Peter2; Csiszar, Susan A.3; Jolliet, Olivier1 | |
发表日期 | 2017 |
ISSN | 0048-9697 |
卷号 | 574页码:1182-1208 |
英文摘要 | Exposure to chemicals in consumer products has been gaining increasing attention, with multiple studies showing that near-field exposures from products is high compared to far-field exposures. Regarding the numerous chemical-product combinations, there is a need for an overarching review of models able to quantify the multiple transfers of chemicals from products used near-field to humans. The present review therefore aims at an in-depth overview of modeling approaches for near-field chemical release and human exposure pathways associated with consumer products. It focuses on lower-tier, mechanistic models suitable for life cycle assessments (LCA), chemical alternative assessment (CAA) and high-throughput screening risk assessment (HTS). Chemicals in a product enter the near-field via a defined "compartment of entry", are transformed or transferred to adjacent compartments, and eventually end in a "human receptor compartment". We first focus on models of physical mass transfers from the product to 'near-field' compartments. For transfers of chemicals from article interior, adequate modeling of in-article diffusion and of partitioning between article surface and air/skin/food is key. Modeling volatilization and subsequent transfer to the outdoor is crucial for transfers of chemicals used in the inner space of appliances, on object surfaces or directly emitted to indoor air. For transfers from skin surface, models need to reflect the competition between dermal permeation, volatilization and fraction washed-off. We then focus on transfers from the 'near-field' to 'human' compartments, defined as respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and epidermis, for which good estimates of air concentrations, non-dietary ingestion parameters and skin permeation are essential, respectively. We critically characterize for each exposure pathway the ability of models to estimate near-field transfers and to best inform LCA, CAA and HTS, summarizing the main characteristics of the potentially best-suited models. This review identifies large knowledge gaps for several near-field pathways and suggests research needs and future directions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | Human exposure models;High-throughput risk screening;Life cycle impact assessment;Mass transfer fractions;Consumer products;Indoor environment |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000389090100110 |
来源期刊 | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/60422 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Hlth Sci & Risk Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; 2.Tech Univ Denmark, Quantitat Sustainabil Assessment Div, Dept Engn Management, DK-2808 Lyngby, Denmark; 3.US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Participant, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Huang, Lei,Ernstoff, Alexi,Fantke, Peter,et al. A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products[J]. 美国环保署,2017,574:1182-1208. |
APA | Huang, Lei,Ernstoff, Alexi,Fantke, Peter,Csiszar, Susan A.,&Jolliet, Olivier.(2017).A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,574,1182-1208. |
MLA | Huang, Lei,et al."A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 574(2017):1182-1208. |
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