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DOI | 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.001 |
Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: A cohort study of beach goers in Brazil? | |
Lamparelli, Claudia Conde1; Pogreba-Brown, Kristen2; Verhougstraete, Marc3; Zanoli Sato, Maria Ines4; Bruni, Antonio de Castro5; Wade, Timothy J.6; Eisenberg, Joseph N. S.7 | |
发表日期 | 2015-12-15 |
ISSN | 0043-1354 |
卷号 | 87页码:59-68 |
英文摘要 | Regulating recreational water exposure to pathogens within the tropics is a major public health and economic concern. Although numerous epidemiological studies estimating the risk to recreational marine water exposure have been conducted since the 1950s, few studies have been done in the tropics. Furthermore, many have suggested that the use of fecal indicator bacteria for monitoring recreational water quality in temperate regions is not appropriate in the tropics. We analyzed a large cohort study of five beaches in Sao Paulo, Brazil, conducted during consecutive weekends in the summer of 1999 that estimated risk to water, sand, and food exposures. Enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations were measured each day of the study. Elevated risks were estimated for both swimming (OR = 1.36 95% Cl: 1.05-1.58) and sand contact (OR = 1.29 95% Cl 1.05-1.58). A 1 log increase in enterococci concentration was associated with an 11% increase in risk (OR = 1.11 95% Cl: 1.04-1.19). For E. coli a 1-log increase in concentration was associated with 19% increase in risk (OR = 1.19 95% CI: 1.14-1.28). Most countries with beaches in the tropics are lower or middle income countries (LMIC) and rely on tourism as a major source of income. We present data that suggests fecal indicator bacteria such as enterococci are an appropriate indicator of risk in tropical urban settings where contamination is coming from predominantly human sources. Additional studies in tropical settings could help inform and refine guidelines for safe use of recreational waters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | Diarrheal disease;Recreational waters;Brazil;Tropics;Fecal indicator bacteria |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000367413000007 |
来源期刊 | WATER RESEARCH
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/60055 |
作者单位 | 1.Environm Co Sao Paulo State CETESB, Coastal Water Sect, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2.Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; 3.Univ Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community Environm & Policy, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; 4.Environm Co Sao Paulo State CETESB, Environm Anal Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 5.Environm Co Sao Paulo State CETESB, Vehicle Emiss Anal Sect, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 6.US EPA, Chapel Hill, NC USA; 7.Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Lamparelli, Claudia Conde,Pogreba-Brown, Kristen,Verhougstraete, Marc,et al. Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: A cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?[J]. 美国环保署,2015,87:59-68. |
APA | Lamparelli, Claudia Conde.,Pogreba-Brown, Kristen.,Verhougstraete, Marc.,Zanoli Sato, Maria Ines.,Bruni, Antonio de Castro.,...&Eisenberg, Joseph N. S..(2015).Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: A cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?.WATER RESEARCH,87,59-68. |
MLA | Lamparelli, Claudia Conde,et al."Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: A cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?".WATER RESEARCH 87(2015):59-68. |
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