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DOI | 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.012 |
Estimation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) percutaneous uptake in humans using the parallelogram method | |
Knudsen, Gabriel A.1; Hughes, Michael F.2; McIntosh, Katelyn L.1; Sanders, J. Michael1; Birnbaum, Linda S.1 | |
发表日期 | 2015-12-01 |
ISSN | 0041-008X |
卷号 | 289期号:2页码:323-329 |
英文摘要 | Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is currently the world's highest production volume brominated flame retardant. Humans are frequently exposed to TBBPA by the dermal route. In the present study, a parallelogram approach was used to make predictions of internal dose in exposed humans. Human and rat skin samples received 100 nmol of TBBPA/cm(2) skin and absorption and penetrance were determined using a flow-through in vitro system. TBBPA-derived [C-14]-radioactivity was determined at 6 h intervals in the media and at 24 h post-dosing in the skin. The human skin and media contained an average of 3.4% and 0.2% of the total dose at the terminal time point respectively, while the rat skin and media contained 9.3% and 3.5%, respectively. In the intact rat, 14% of a dermally-administered dose of similar to 100 nmol/cm(2) remained in the skin at the dosing site, with an additional 8% reaching systemic circulation by 24 h post-dosing. Relative absorption and penetrance were less (10% total) at 24 h following dermal administration of a ten-fold higher dose (similar to 1000 nmol/cm(2)) to rats. However, by 72 h, 70% of this dose was either absorbed into the dosing-site skin or had reached systemic circulation. It is clear from these results that TBBPA can be absorbed by the skin and dermal contact with TBBPA may represent a small but important route of exposure. Together, these in vitro data in human and rat skin and in vivo data from rats may be used to predict TBBPA absorption in humans following dermal exposure. Based on this parallelogram calculation, up to 6% of dermally applied TBBPA may be bioavailable to humans exposed to TBBPA. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
英文关键词 | Dermal bioavailability;Brominated flame retardant;Tetrabromobisphenol A;Parallelogram method;Persistent organic pollutant |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000365461900019 |
来源期刊 | TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY |
来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/59336 |
作者单位 | 1.NIEHS, NCI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA; 2.US EPA, Integrated Syst Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Knudsen, Gabriel A.,Hughes, Michael F.,McIntosh, Katelyn L.,et al. Estimation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) percutaneous uptake in humans using the parallelogram method[J]. 美国环保署,2015,289(2):323-329. |
APA | Knudsen, Gabriel A.,Hughes, Michael F.,McIntosh, Katelyn L.,Sanders, J. Michael,&Birnbaum, Linda S..(2015).Estimation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) percutaneous uptake in humans using the parallelogram method.TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY,289(2),323-329. |
MLA | Knudsen, Gabriel A.,et al."Estimation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) percutaneous uptake in humans using the parallelogram method".TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 289.2(2015):323-329. |
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