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DOI | 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.032 |
Spatial variation of disinfection by-product concentrations: Exposure assessment implications | |
Evans, Amanda M.1; Wright, J. Michael2; Meyer, Amy1; Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar3 | |
发表日期 | 2013-10-15 |
ISSN | 0043-1354 |
卷号 | 47期号:16页码:6130-6140 |
英文摘要 | The use of public water system (PWS) average trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations as surrogates of "personal" exposures in epidemiological studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) may result in exposure misclassification bias from various sources of measurement error including intra-system variation of DBPs. Using 2000-2004 data from 107 PWSs in Massachusetts, we assessed two approaches for characterizing DBP spatial variability by identifying PWSs with low spatial variability (LSV) and examining differences in LSV across DBP groups and by type of source water and primary disinfectant. We also used spatial differences to examine the association between THM concentrations and indices of social disadvantage; however, we found no correlations or statistically significant differences based on the available data. We observed similar patterns for the percentage of quarterly sampling dates with LSV across different types of source water for all DBPs but not across disinfectants. We found there was little overlap between sites classified as having LSV across different DBP groups. In the main analysis, we found moderate correlations between both approaches (phi(THM4) = 0.55; phi(BrTHM) = 0.64; phi(HAA5) = 0.67); although Method 1 (based on concentration differences between samples) may be better - suited for identifying PWSs for inclusion in epidemiological studies because it is more easily adapted to study-specific exposure gradients than Method 2 (based on categorical exposure percentiles). These data reinforce the need to consider different exposure assessment approaches when examining the spatial variation of multiple DBP surrogates as they can represent different DBP mixtures. (C)n2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | Exposure misclassification;Bias;Exposure measurement error;Brominated trihalomethanes;Haloacetic acids;Environmental epidemiology;Intra-system variability |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000326910000017 |
来源期刊 | WATER RESEARCH |
来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/59180 |
作者单位 | 1.Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA; 2.US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA; 3.CNR, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Evans, Amanda M.,Wright, J. Michael,Meyer, Amy,et al. Spatial variation of disinfection by-product concentrations: Exposure assessment implications[J]. 美国环保署,2013,47(16):6130-6140. |
APA | Evans, Amanda M.,Wright, J. Michael,Meyer, Amy,&Rivera-Nunez, Zorimar.(2013).Spatial variation of disinfection by-product concentrations: Exposure assessment implications.WATER RESEARCH,47(16),6130-6140. |
MLA | Evans, Amanda M.,et al."Spatial variation of disinfection by-product concentrations: Exposure assessment implications".WATER RESEARCH 47.16(2013):6130-6140. |
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