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DOI | 10.1080/10962247.2012.744370 |
Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and US federal methods | |
Khan, M. Yusuf1,2; Ranganathan, Sindhuja2; Agrawal, Harshit1,2,3; Welch, William A.2; Laroo, Christopher4; Miller, J. Wayne1,2; Cocker, David R., III1,2 | |
发表日期 | 2013-03-01 |
ISSN | 1096-2247 |
卷号 | 63期号:3页码:284-291 |
英文摘要 | Regulatory agencies have shifted their emphasis from measuring emissions during certification cycles to measuring emissions during actual use. Emission measurements in this research were made from two different large ships at sea to compare the Simplified Measurement Method (SMM) compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) NOx Technical Code to the Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) compliant with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1065 for on-road emission testing. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured at load points specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to compare the two measurement methods. The average percentage errors calculated for PEMS measurements were 6.5%, 0.6%, and 357% for NOx, CO2, and CO, respectively. The NOx percentage error of 6.5% corresponds to a 0.22 to 1.11 g/kW-hr error in moving from Tier III (3.4 g/kW-hr) to Tier I (17.0 g/kW-hr) emission limits. Emission factors (EFs) of NOx and CO2 measured via SMM were comparable to other studies and regulatory agencies estimates. However, EFPM2.5 for this study was up to 26% higher than that currently used by regulatory agencies. The PM2.5 was comprised predominantly of hydrated sulfate (70-95%), followed by organic carbon (11-14%), ash (6-11%), and elemental carbon (0.4-0.8%). |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000322633600004 |
来源期刊 | JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/59160 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Calif Riverside, Bourns Coll Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; 2.Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; 3.Shell Projects & Technol, Bengaluru, India; 4.US EPA, Ann Arbor, MI USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Khan, M. Yusuf,Ranganathan, Sindhuja,Agrawal, Harshit,et al. Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and US federal methods[J]. 美国环保署,2013,63(3):284-291. |
APA | Khan, M. Yusuf.,Ranganathan, Sindhuja.,Agrawal, Harshit.,Welch, William A..,Laroo, Christopher.,...&Cocker, David R., III.(2013).Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and US federal methods.JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION,63(3),284-291. |
MLA | Khan, M. Yusuf,et al."Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and US federal methods".JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION 63.3(2013):284-291. |
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