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DOI | 10.1111/1752-1688.12631 |
Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: An Integrated Systems Framework | |
Leibowitz, Scott G.1; Wigington, Parker J., Jr.1; Schofield, Kate A.2; Alexander, Laurie C.2; Vanderhoof, Melanie K.3; Golden, Heather E.4 | |
发表日期 | 2018-04-01 |
ISSN | 1093-474X |
卷号 | 54期号:2页码:298-322 |
英文摘要 | Interest in connectivity has increased in the aquatic sciences, partly because of its relevance to the Clean Water Act. This paper has two objectives: (1) provide a framework to understand hydrological, chemical, and biological connectivity, focusing on how headwater streams and wetlands connect to and contribute to rivers; and (2) briefly review methods to quantify hydrological and chemical connectivity. Streams and wetlands affect river structure and function by altering material and biological fluxes to the river; this depends on two factors: (1) functions within streams and wetlands that affect material fluxes; and (2) connectivity (or isolation) from streams and wetlands to rivers that allows (or prevents) material transport between systems. Connectivity can be described in terms of frequency, magnitude, duration, timing, and rate of change. It results from physical characteristics of a system, e.g., climate, soils, geology, topography, and the spatial distribution of aquatic components. Biological connectivity is also affected by traits and behavior of the biota. Connectivity can be altered by human impacts, often in complex ways. Because of variability in these factors, connectivity is not constant but varies over time and space. Connectivity can be quantified with field-based methods, modeling, and remote sensing. Further studies using these methods are needed to classify and quantify connectivity of aquatic ecosystems and to understand how impacts affect connectivity. |
英文关键词 | connectivity;isolation;streams;tributaries;riparian areas;wetlands;geographically isolated wetlands;watersheds;Clean Water Act |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000428882400002 |
来源期刊 | JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/58369 |
作者单位 | 1.US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA; 2.US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Arlington, VA USA; 3.US Geol Survey, Geosci & Environm Change Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA; 4.US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Leibowitz, Scott G.,Wigington, Parker J., Jr.,Schofield, Kate A.,et al. Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: An Integrated Systems Framework[J]. 美国环保署,2018,54(2):298-322. |
APA | Leibowitz, Scott G.,Wigington, Parker J., Jr.,Schofield, Kate A.,Alexander, Laurie C.,Vanderhoof, Melanie K.,&Golden, Heather E..(2018).Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: An Integrated Systems Framework.JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION,54(2),298-322. |
MLA | Leibowitz, Scott G.,et al."Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: An Integrated Systems Framework".JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 54.2(2018):298-322. |
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