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DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.108 |
Estimating dermal transfer of copper particles from the surfaces of pressure-treated lumber and implications for exposure | |
Platten, William E., III1; Sylvest, Nicholas1; Warren, Casey1; Arambewela, Mahendranath1; Harmon, Steve2; Bradham, Karen3; Rogers, Kim3; Thomas, Treye4; Luxton, Todd Peter2 | |
发表日期 | 2016-04-01 |
ISSN | 0048-9697 |
卷号 | 548页码:441-449 |
英文摘要 | Lumber pressure-treated with micronized copper was examined for the release of copper and copper micro/nanoparticles using a surface wipe method to simulate dermal transfer. In 2003, the wood industry began replacing CCA treated lumber products for residential use with copper based formulations. Micronized copper (nano to micron sized particles) has become the preferred treatment formulation. There is a lack of information on the release of copper, the fate of the particles during dermal contact, and the copper exposure level to children from hand-to-mouth transfer. For the current study, three treated lumber products, two micronized copper and one ionic copper, were purchased from commercial retailers. The boards were left to weather outdoors for approximately 1 year. Over the year time period, hand wipe samples were collected periodically to determine copper transfer from the wood surfaces. The two micronized formulations and the ionic formulation released similar levels of total copper. The amount of copper released was high initially, but decreased to a constant level (similar to 1.5 mg m(-2)) after the first month of outdoor exposure. Copper particles were identified on the sampling cloths during the first two months of the experiment, after which the levels of copper were insufficient to collect interpretable data. After 1 month, the particles exhibited minimal changes in shape and size. At the end of 2-months, significant deterioration of the particles was evident. Based on the wipe sample data, a playground visit may result in a potential exposure to 2.58 mg of copper, which is near or exceeds the daily tolerable upper intake limits for children under the age of 8, if completely ingested through hand-to-mouth transfer. While nanoparticles were found, there is not enough information to estimate the exposure from the released particles due to a lack of published literature on copper carbonate. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
英文关键词 | Pressure-treated wood;Nanoparticle;Copper exposure;Micronized copper azole;Ionic copper;Copper speciation |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000370246000046 |
来源期刊 | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/57595 |
作者单位 | 1.Pegasus Tech Serv Inc, 46 E Hollister St, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA; 2.US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA; 3.US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; 4.US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, Off Hazard Identificat & Reduct, 4330 East West Highway Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Platten, William E., III,Sylvest, Nicholas,Warren, Casey,et al. Estimating dermal transfer of copper particles from the surfaces of pressure-treated lumber and implications for exposure[J]. 美国环保署,2016,548:441-449. |
APA | Platten, William E., III.,Sylvest, Nicholas.,Warren, Casey.,Arambewela, Mahendranath.,Harmon, Steve.,...&Luxton, Todd Peter.(2016).Estimating dermal transfer of copper particles from the surfaces of pressure-treated lumber and implications for exposure.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,548,441-449. |
MLA | Platten, William E., III,et al."Estimating dermal transfer of copper particles from the surfaces of pressure-treated lumber and implications for exposure".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 548(2016):441-449. |
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