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DOI | 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.073 |
Chemical composition and source apportionment of size fractionated particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, USA | |
Kim, Yong Ho1,4; Krantz, Q. Todd1; McGee, John1; Kovalcik, Kasey D.2; Duvall, Rachelle M.2; Willis, Robert D.2; Kamal, Ali S.2; Landis, Matthew S.2; Norris, Gary A.3; Gilmour, M. Ian1 | |
发表日期 | 2016-11-01 |
ISSN | 0269-7491 |
卷号 | 218页码:1180-1190 |
英文摘要 | The Cleveland airshed comprises a complex mixture of industrial source emissions that contribute to periods of non-attainment for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and are associated with increased adverse health outcomes in the exposed population. Specific PM sources responsible for health effects however are not fully understood. Size-fractionated PM (coarse, fine, and ultrafine) samples were collected using a ChemVol sampler at an urban site (G.T. Craig (GTC)) and rural site (Chippewa Lake (CLM)) from July 2009 to June 2010, and then chemically analyzed. The resulting speciated PM data were apportioned by EPA positive matrix factorization to identify emission sources for each size fraction and location. For comparisons with the ChemVol results, PM samples were also collected with sequential dichotomous and passive samplers, and evaluated for source contributions to each sampling site. The ChemVol results showed that annual average concentrations of PM, elemental carbon, and inorganic elements in the coarse fraction at GTC were 2, 7, and 3 times higher than those at CLM, respectively, while the smaller size fractions at both sites showed similar annual average concentrations. Seasonal variations of secondary aerosols (e.g., high NO3- level in winter and high SO42- level in summer) were observed at both sites. Source apportionment results demonstrated that the PM samples at GTC and CLM were enriched with local industrial sources (e.g., steel plant and coal-fired power plant) but their contributions were influenced by meteorological conditions and the emission source's operation conditions. Taken together the year-long PM collection and data analysis provides valuable insights into the characteristics and sources of PM impacting the Cleveland airshed in both the urban center and the rural upwind background locations. These data will be used to classify the PM samples for toxicology studies to determine which PM sources, species, and size fractions are of greatest health concern. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
英文关键词 | Cleveland airshed;Particulate matter;Positive matrix factorization;Source apportionment |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000385596000129 |
来源期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION |
来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/56849 |
作者单位 | 1.US EPA, Environm Publ Hlth Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; 2.US EPA, Exposure Methods & Measurement Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; 3.US EPA, Syst Exposure Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; 4.CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Kim, Yong Ho,Krantz, Q. Todd,McGee, John,et al. Chemical composition and source apportionment of size fractionated particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, USA[J]. 美国环保署,2016,218:1180-1190. |
APA | Kim, Yong Ho.,Krantz, Q. Todd.,McGee, John.,Kovalcik, Kasey D..,Duvall, Rachelle M..,...&Gilmour, M. Ian.(2016).Chemical composition and source apportionment of size fractionated particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,218,1180-1190. |
MLA | Kim, Yong Ho,et al."Chemical composition and source apportionment of size fractionated particulate matter in Cleveland, Ohio, USA".ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 218(2016):1180-1190. |
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