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DOI | 10.1899/11-050.1 |
Estimating the risks of multiple, covarying stressors in the National Lakes Assessment | |
Van Sickle, John | |
发表日期 | 2013-03-01 |
ISSN | 2161-9565 |
卷号 | 32期号:1页码:204-216 |
英文摘要 | The National Lakes Assessment (NLA) used relative and attributable risks to measure the apparent nationwide effects of excess N, reduced lakeshore habitat, and other stressors on planktonic assemblages in lakes. The risk measures, borrowed from human health research, use nontechnical language to compare the apparent effects of disparate lake stressors, thereby helping the public and policymakers identify stressors of greatest national concern. However, the investigators for the NLA and similar prior surveys of streams did not adjust their risk estimates of each stressor for possible confounding by other covarying stressors. As a result, the NLA point estimates overstate the risks of individual stressors and, thus, are unreliable for assessing their importance relative to that of closely related stressors. I used NLA data from 966 lakes to illustrate existing statistical methods of risk adjustment. Point estimates of adjusted relative risk for 7 stressor variables were 15 to 64% lower than unadjusted estimates. Adjusted attributable risks also were lower than unadjusted values, but for some stressors, they were very inconsistent across 3 adjustment methods. In addition, adjusted risk estimates used only part of the available data because each estimate was adjusted for many (6) covarying stressors. Closely related stressor variables (for example, N, P. and turbidity) can be combined into a bundle representing a broader type of stress (reduced water quality). For the NLA data, adjusted risk estimates for the stressor bundles (water quality and habitat) were more consistent across estimation methods and had lower relative uncertainty than estimates for their component stressors. In addition, closely related stressors with similar sources and modes of impact are more likely to be managed together rather than individually. For these reasons, I suggest evaluating stressor bundles in future aquatic surveys. |
英文关键词 | relative risk;attributable risk;adjusted risk;aquatic stressors;probability survey |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000314670800018 |
来源期刊 | FRESHWATER SCIENCE |
来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/56675 |
作者单位 | US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Van Sickle, John. Estimating the risks of multiple, covarying stressors in the National Lakes Assessment[J]. 美国环保署,2013,32(1):204-216. |
APA | Van Sickle, John.(2013).Estimating the risks of multiple, covarying stressors in the National Lakes Assessment.FRESHWATER SCIENCE,32(1),204-216. |
MLA | Van Sickle, John."Estimating the risks of multiple, covarying stressors in the National Lakes Assessment".FRESHWATER SCIENCE 32.1(2013):204-216. |
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