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DOI | 10.1021/es4003636 |
Detection and Evaluation of Elevated Lead Release from Service Lines: A Field Study | |
Del Toral, Miguel A.1; Porter, Andrea1; Schock, Michael R.2 | |
发表日期 | 2013-08-20 |
ISSN | 0013-936X |
卷号 | 47期号:16页码:9300-9307 |
英文摘要 | Comparative stagnation sampling conducted in 32 homes in Chicago, Illinois with lead service lines demonstrated that the existing regulatory sampling protocol under the U.S. Lead and Copper Rule systematically misses the high lead levels and potential human exposure. Lead levels measured with sequential sampling were highest within the lead service lines, with maximum values more than four times higher than Chicago's regulatory compliance results using a first-draw sampling protocol. There was significant variability in lead values from different points within individual lead service lines and among different lead service line sites across the city. Although other factors could also influence lead levels, the highest lead results most often were associated with sites having known disturbances to the lead service lines. This study underscores the importance and interdependence of sample site selection, sampling protocol, and other factors in assessing lead levels in a public water system. |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000323471700038 |
来源期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY |
来源机构 | 美国环保署 |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/56577 |
作者单位 | 1.US EPA, GWDWB, Chicago, IL 60604 USA; 2.US EPA, ORD, NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Del Toral, Miguel A.,Porter, Andrea,Schock, Michael R.. Detection and Evaluation of Elevated Lead Release from Service Lines: A Field Study[J]. 美国环保署,2013,47(16):9300-9307. |
APA | Del Toral, Miguel A.,Porter, Andrea,&Schock, Michael R..(2013).Detection and Evaluation of Elevated Lead Release from Service Lines: A Field Study.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,47(16),9300-9307. |
MLA | Del Toral, Miguel A.,et al."Detection and Evaluation of Elevated Lead Release from Service Lines: A Field Study".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 47.16(2013):9300-9307. |
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