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DOI	10.1002/esp.5875
	What controls river widening? Comparing large and extreme flood events
	Davidson, Sarah L.; Marin-Esteve, Blanca; Eaton, Brett
发表日期	2024
ISSN	0197-9337
EISSN	1096-9837
英文摘要	Extreme (i.e., centennial-scale) floods are by definition rare and can therefore be difficult to study. As a result, case studies of response to extreme floods can provide unique insights. On 15 November 2021, the Nicola River in British Columbia, Canada, experienced a 200-year flood that increased the average width of the Nicola River by more than 50% (35 m), leaving the only highway in the region impassable for nearly 12 months. This research assesses the spatial variability of erosion along a 71-km-long segment of the Nicola River during a period with a large flood (2015-2018) and a second period containing the extreme flood in 2021 (2018-2021). We use a random forest statistical analysis to explore the most important valley and channel characteristics affecting relative widening during both periods. Unit stream power, gradient and valley confinement were the primary determinants of erosion during the extreme flood, whereas vegetation cover, channel pattern and surficial material were less important. Erosion during the large flood event was not related to these variables, with channel pattern providing a better indication of widening potential. As the Nicola River is flanked by erodible glacial deposits, this work provides important insight into river response in the paraglacial environments that are common throughout much of Canada and the northern United States, as well as Europe and Asia, but less intensely studied. In these settings, the geomorphic response to large floods may not be representative of the potential erosion (and infrastructure impacts) that can occur during extreme events, which destabilize glacial terraces in confined reaches. Historical observations should therefore be used with caution in paraglacial settings as extreme events may not be captured in available data, creating a perception of stability in confined reaches that may have the potential to erode dramatically during extreme events. River erosion during extreme floods poses a threat to communities and infrastructure but can be difficult to model. This work shows that erosion during an extreme flood is related to the unit stream power and at the simplest level tends to increase with river gradient and confinement. image
英文关键词	atmospheric river; bank erosion; channel widening; climate change; confinement; extreme flood; hazard; infrastructure damage; paraglacial; risk
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Physical Geography ; Geology
WOS类目	Geography, Physical ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS记录号	WOS:001220116900001
来源期刊	EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/305345
作者单位	BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC); University of British Columbia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Davidson, Sarah L.,Marin-Esteve, Blanca,Eaton, Brett. What controls river widening? Comparing large and extreme flood events[J],2024.
APA	Davidson, Sarah L.,Marin-Esteve, Blanca,&Eaton, Brett.(2024).What controls river widening? Comparing large and extreme flood events.EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS.
MLA	Davidson, Sarah L.,et al."What controls river widening? Comparing large and extreme flood events".EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS (2024).