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| DOI | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120702 |
| Decreased air quality shows minimal influence on peak summer attendance at forested Pacific West national parks | |
| 发表日期 | 2024 |
| ISSN | 0301-4797 |
| EISSN | 1095-8630 |
| 起始页码 | 358 |
| 卷号 | 358 |
| 英文摘要 | Wildfires are increasing in duration and intensity across the United States' Pacific West region, resulting in heightened particulate matter from smoke in the atmosphere. Levels of peak particulate matter are concurrent to peak visitor attendance at National Parks, given seasonal alignment with summer vacation travel and heightened forest fire conditions. Particulate matter threatens visitor health and safety and contributes to poor visibility and a deteriorated visitor experience. To assess visitation response to diminished air quality, we utilized wildfiregenerated particulate matter (PM2.5) data in conjunction with monthly attendance records for three ecoregions containing eight national parks in Washington, Oregon, and California from 2009 to 2019. We analyzed daily PM2.5 levels from data gridded at the 10 km scale for National Park Service units by Level III forest ecoregions within the National Park Service's Pacific West Unit. Data were then compared to normalized monthly visitation trends for each of the ecoregions using two statistical methods Kendall's Tau and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey tests. Results demonstrate that attendance at these national parks does not decrease in response to increased PM2.5 levels. Instead, we see several statistically significant increases in attendance across these ecoregions during periods of reduced air quality. Of 115 shifts between air quality categories during the busy season of July to September, there are no significant decreases in attendance as air quality worsens. These findings suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate reduced air quality compared to other factors such as temperature or precipitation. Given that park units within each ecoregion feature diverse historical contexts, varied built environments, and unique ecological systems, our discussion specifically addresses managerial concerns associated with maintained high levels of visitation during suboptimal, and potentially dangerous, conditions. There is substantial need for specific, scalable approaches to mitigate adverse health and experiential impacts as visitors are exposed to increased risks during a range of exertional activities associated with diverse settings. |
| 英文关键词 | Air quality; Visitation; Tourism; Environmental hazards; Public lands |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:001231878500001 |
| 来源期刊 | JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/304420 |
| 作者单位 | University of California System; University of California Merced; University of California System; University of California Merced; University of California System; University of California Merced |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | . Decreased air quality shows minimal influence on peak summer attendance at forested Pacific West national parks[J],2024,358. |
| APA | (2024).Decreased air quality shows minimal influence on peak summer attendance at forested Pacific West national parks.JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,358. |
| MLA | "Decreased air quality shows minimal influence on peak summer attendance at forested Pacific West national parks".JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 358(2024). |
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