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DOI	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130802
	Miscellaneous methods for determination of unfrozen water content in frozen soils
	Feng, Shuna; Chen, Junru; Jones, Scott B.; Flerchinger, Gerald; Dyck, Miles; Filipovic, Vilim; Hu, You; Si, Bingcheng; Lv, Jialong; Wu, Qingbai; He, Hailong
发表日期	2024
ISSN	0022-1694
EISSN	1879-2707
起始页码	631
卷号	631
英文摘要	Frozen soil is a complex four-phase porous medium consisting of soil solid/rock, air, unfrozen/liquid water and ice at the subzero temperatures. Freeze-thaw cycles change the magnitude of total soil water content as well as the unfrozen water/ice ratio in frozen soil that affects soil structure and strength, infiltrability/permeability, water availability for microbial activity and chemical reactions, solute concentration and distribution, and thermodynamics. Accurate quantification of unfrozen water content is therefore critical to understand frozen soil hydrological, biogeochemical, thermal and mechanical properties and processes under climate change. Currently a variety of techniques and methods have been applied to obtain unfrozen water content in frozen soils. However, only few studies have attempted to review and synthesize these works. The objective of this study was therefore to review and collate currently available methods determining unfrozen water content in frozen soils. The principles, applications, advantages and limitations of these methods were reviewed and categorized into five categories: a pressure-based method, radioactive-methods, electromagnetic-methods, thermal-methods, and a sound-based method. Models for indirectly estimating unfrozen water content based on empirical temperature relationships, the soil water/moisture retention characteristic, and the vG-Clapeyron model, were also summarized. There is no direct method to estimate ice content but it can be indirectly calculated based on water balance (i.e., difference between total and unfrozen soil water content). The review is closed with a brief review of future needs and perspectives for simultaneous measurement of unfrozen water and ice contents in the laboratory and in the field.
英文关键词	Unfrozen water content; Ice content; Soil freezing characteristic; Dielectric permittivity
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Engineering ; Geology ; Water Resources
WOS类目	Engineering, Civil ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Water Resources
WOS记录号	WOS:001177283100001
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/301638
作者单位	Northwest A&F University - China; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); University of Alberta; University of Queensland; University of Zagreb; University of Saskatchewan; Chinese Academy of Sciences
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Feng, Shuna,Chen, Junru,Jones, Scott B.,et al. Miscellaneous methods for determination of unfrozen water content in frozen soils[J],2024,631.
APA	Feng, Shuna.,Chen, Junru.,Jones, Scott B..,Flerchinger, Gerald.,Dyck, Miles.,...&He, Hailong.(2024).Miscellaneous methods for determination of unfrozen water content in frozen soils.JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY,631.
MLA	Feng, Shuna,et al."Miscellaneous methods for determination of unfrozen water content in frozen soils".JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 631(2024).