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DOI	10.1073/pnas.2306281121
	Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences
	Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia; Sugerman, Eli Rosen; Johnson, Eric J.
发表日期	2024
ISSN	0027-8424
EISSN	1091-6490
起始页码	121
结束页码	12
卷号	121 期号:12
英文摘要	Policymakers increasingly rely on behavioral science in response to global challenges, such as climate change or global health crises. But applications of behavioral science face an important problem: Interventions often exert substantially different effects across contexts and individuals. We examine this heterogeneity for different paradigms that underlie many behavioral interventions. We study the paradigms in a series of five preregistered studies across one in- person and 10 online panels, with over 11,000 respondents in total. We find substantial heterogeneity across settings and paradigms, apply techniques for modeling the heterogeneity, and introduce a framework that measures typically omitted moderators. The framework's factors (Fluid Intelligence, Attentiveness, Crystallized Intelligence, and Experience) affect the effectiveness of many text - based interventions, producing different observed effect sizes and explaining variations across samples. Moderators are associated with effect sizes through two paths, with the intensity of the manipulation and with the effect of the manipulation directly. Our results motivate observing these moderators and provide a theoretical and empirical framework for understanding and predicting varying effect sizes in the social sciences.
英文关键词	online data collection; choice architecture; moderators
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
WOS类目	Multidisciplinary Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:001208307100009
来源期刊	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/292674
作者单位	Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Columbia University
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia,Sugerman, Eli Rosen,Johnson, Eric J.. Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences[J],2024,121(12).
APA	Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia,Sugerman, Eli Rosen,&Johnson, Eric J..(2024).Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,121(12).
MLA	Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia,et al."Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 121.12(2024).