气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis

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DOI	10.1111/gcb.17277
	Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis
	Abdo, Ahmed I.; Sun, Daolin; Yang, Kai; Li, Yazheng; Shi, Zhaoji; Abd Allah, W. E.; El-Sobky, El-Sayed E. A.; Wei, Hui; Zhang, Jiaen; Kuzyakov, Yakov
发表日期	2024
ISSN	1354-1013
EISSN	1365-2486
起始页码	30
结束页码	4
卷号	30 期号:4
英文摘要	More than half of the world's population is nourished by crops fertilized with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, N fertilization is a major source of anthropogenic emissions, augmenting the carbon footprint (CF). To date, no global quantification of the CF induced by N fertilization of the main grain crops has been performed, and quantifications at the national scale have neglected the CO2 assimilated by plants. A first cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the CF of the N fertilizers' production, transportation, and application to the field and the uses of the produced biomass in livestock feed and human food, as well as biofuel production. We quantified the direct and indirect inventories emitted or sequestered by N fertilization of main grain crops: wheat, maize, and rice. Grain food produced with N fertilization had a net CF of 7.4 Gt CO2eq. in 2019 after excluding the assimilated C in plant biomass, which accounted for a quarter of the total CF. The cradle (fertilizer production and transportation), gate (fertilizer application, and soil and plant systems), and grave (feed, food, biofuel, and losses) stages contributed to the CF by 2%, 11%, and 87%, respectively. Although Asia was the top grain producer, North America contributed 38% of the CF due to the greatest CF of the grave stage (2.5 Gt CO2eq.). The CF of grain crops will increase to 21.2 Gt CO2eq. in 2100, driven by the rise in N fertilization to meet the growing food demand without actions to stop the decline in N use efficiency. To meet the targets of climate change, we introduced an ambitious mitigation strategy, including the improvement of N agronomic efficiency (6% average target for the three crops) and manufacturing technology, reducing food losses, and global conversion to healthy diets, whereby the CF can be reduced to 5.6 Gt CO2eq. in 2100. Nitrogen fertilization should be considered when addressing the triple challenges: food security, climate change, and environmental degradation. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers contributed to the global warming by 7.4 Gt CO2eq. from the grain crop production and consumption, which is expected to augment substantially by 2100, responding to the increment in food demand. This carbon load of the N fertilization can be reduced by one-fourth through improving the manufacturing technology of N fertilizers, increasing the N agronomic efficiency, reducing losses, and converting to healthy diets.image
英文关键词	food supply chain; GHG emissions; global warming; nitrogen agronomic efficiency; soil and plant systems; synthetic nitrogen
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Biodiversity & Conservation ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Biodiversity Conservation ; Ecology ; Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:001204787200001
来源期刊	GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/292244
作者单位	South China Agricultural University; Shaoguan University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Zagazig University; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; South China Agricultural University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Zagazig University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Zagazig University; South China Agricultural University; Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs; Peoples Friendship University of Russia; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Abdo, Ahmed I.,Sun, Daolin,Yang, Kai,et al. Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis[J],2024,30(4).
APA	Abdo, Ahmed I..,Sun, Daolin.,Yang, Kai.,Li, Yazheng.,Shi, Zhaoji.,...&Kuzyakov, Yakov.(2024).Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis.GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY,30(4).
MLA	Abdo, Ahmed I.,et al."Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis".GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 30.4(2024).