气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Characteristics and dynamic analysis of the February 2021 long-runout disaster chain triggered by massive rock and ice avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya

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DOI	10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.04.003
	Characteristics and dynamic analysis of the February 2021 long-runout disaster chain triggered by massive rock and ice avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya
	Zhang, Tiantian; Yin, Yueping; Li, Bin; Liu, Xiaojie; Wang, Meng; Gao, Yang; Wan, Jiawei; Gnyawali, Kaushal Raj
发表日期	2023
ISSN	1674-7755
EISSN	2589-0417
起始页码	296
结束页码	308
卷号	15 期号:2
英文摘要	A massive rock and ice avalanche occurred on the western slope of the Ronti Gad valley in the northern part of Chamoli, Indian Himalaya, on 7 February 7, 2021. The avalanche on the high mountain slope at an elevation of 5600 m above sea level triggered a long runout disaster chain, including rock mass avalanche, debris avalanche, and flood. The disaster chain had a horizontal travel distance of larger than 17,600 m and an elevation difference of 4300 m. In this study, the disaster characteristics and dynamic process were analyzed by multitemporal satellite imagery. The results show that the massive rock and ice avalanche was caused by four large expanding discontinuity planes. The disaster chain was divided into five zones by satellite images and field observation, including source zone, transition zone, dynamic entrainment zone, flow deposition zone, and flood zone. The entrainment effect and melting water were recognized as the main causes of the long-runout distance. Based on the seismic wave records and field videos, the time progress of the disaster was analyzed and the velocity of frontal debris at different stages was calculated. The total analyzed disaster duration was 1247 s, and the frontal debris velocity colliding with the second hydropower station was approximately 23 m/s. This study also carried out the numerical simulation of the disaster by rapid mass movement simulation (RAMMS). The numerical results reproduced the dynamic process of the debris avalanche, and the mechanism of long-runout avalanche was further verified by parametric study. Furthermore, this study discussed the potential causes of disaster and flood and the roles of satellite images and seismic networks in the monitoring and early-warning. (c) 2023 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
英文关键词	Rock and ice avalanche; Disaster chain; Long-runout; Entrainment; Flood
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Engineering, Geological
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000950190400002
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/281575
作者单位	China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China Geological Survey; Chang'an University
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, Tiantian,Yin, Yueping,Li, Bin,et al. Characteristics and dynamic analysis of the February 2021 long-runout disaster chain triggered by massive rock and ice avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya[J],2023,15(2).
APA	Zhang, Tiantian.,Yin, Yueping.,Li, Bin.,Liu, Xiaojie.,Wang, Meng.,...&Gnyawali, Kaushal Raj.(2023).Characteristics and dynamic analysis of the February 2021 long-runout disaster chain triggered by massive rock and ice avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya.JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING,15(2).
MLA	Zhang, Tiantian,et al."Characteristics and dynamic analysis of the February 2021 long-runout disaster chain triggered by massive rock and ice avalanche at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya".JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 15.2(2023).