气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community

CCPortal

DOI	10.1111/brv.12862
	What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community
	Weber, Bettina; Belnap, Jayne; Budel, Burkhard; Antoninka, Anita J.; Barger, Nichole N.; Chaudhary, V. Bala; Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony; Eldridge, David J.; Faist, Akasha M.; Ferrenberg, Scott; Havrilla, Caroline A.; Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth; Malam Issa, Oumarou; Maestre, Fernando T.; Reed, Sasha C.; Rodriguez-Caballero, Emilio; Tucker, Colin; Young, Kristina E.; Zhang, Yuanming; Zhao, Yunge; Zhou, Xiaobing; Bowker, Matthew A.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1464-7931
EISSN	1469-185X
起始页码	1768
结束页码	1785
卷号	97 期号:5
英文摘要	Studies of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have proliferated over the last few decades. The biocrust literature has broadened, with more studies assessing and describing the function of a variety of biocrust communities in a broad range of biomes and habitats and across a large spectrum of disciplines, and also by the incorporation of biocrusts into global perspectives and biogeochemical models. As the number of biocrust researchers increases, along with the scope of soil communities defined as 'biocrust', it is worth asking whether we all share a clear, universal, and fully articulated definition of what constitutes a biocrust. In this review, we synthesize the literature with the views of new and experienced biocrust researchers, to provide a refined and fully elaborated definition of biocrusts. In doing so, we illustrate the ecological relevance and ecosystem services provided by them. We demonstrate that biocrusts are defined by four distinct elements: physical structure, functional characteristics, habitat, and taxonomic composition. We describe outgroups, which have some, but not all, of the characteristics necessary to be fully consistent with our definition and thus would not be considered biocrusts. We also summarize the wide variety of different types of communities that fall under our definition of biocrusts, in the process of highlighting their global distribution. Finally, we suggest the universal use of the Belnap, Budel & Lange definition, with minor modifications: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) result from an intimate association between soil particles and differing proportions of photoautotrophic (e.g. cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes) and heterotrophic (e.g. bacteria, fungi, archaea) organisms, which live within, or immediately on top of, the uppermost millimetres of soil. Soil particles are aggregated through the presence and activity of these often extremotolerant biota that desiccate regularly, and the resultant living crust covers the surface of the ground as a coherent layer. With this detailed definition of biocrusts, illustrating their ecological functions and widespread distribution, we hope to stimulate interest in biocrust research and inform various stakeholders (e.g. land managers, land users) on their overall importance to ecosystem and Earth system functioning.
英文关键词	biological soil crust; biocrust; definition; taxonomy; habitat; physical structure; function; climate
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Biology
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000797147700001
来源期刊	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/280925
作者单位	University of Graz; Max Planck Society; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Kaiserslautern; Northern Arizona University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Dartmouth College; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of New South Wales Sydney; New Mexico State University; New Mexico State University; Colorado State University; Instituto Potosino Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica; Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC); Sorbonne Universite; INRAE; Universitat d'Alacant; Universitat d'Alacant; Universidad de Almeria; Universidad de Almeria; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, CAS; Northwest A&F University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ISWC), CAS
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Weber, Bettina,Belnap, Jayne,Budel, Burkhard,et al. What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community[J],2022,97(5).
APA	Weber, Bettina.,Belnap, Jayne.,Budel, Burkhard.,Antoninka, Anita J..,Barger, Nichole N..,...&Bowker, Matthew A..(2022).What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community.BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS,97(5).
MLA	Weber, Bettina,et al."What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community".BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 97.5(2022).