气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104591
	Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity
	Grabowski, Zbigniew J.; McPhearson, Timon; Pickett, Steward T. A.
发表日期	2023
ISSN	0169-2046
EISSN	1872-6062
卷号	229
英文摘要	Cities across the Unites States have embraced green infrastructure (GI) in official planning efforts. The plans conceptualize GI as providing multiple functions and benefits for urban residents, and form part of complex responses to intersectional urban challenges of social injustice and inequity, climate change, aging and expensive infrastructure, and socio-economic change. To date, it is unclear whether official city GI programs address systemic racism and urban inequality. To fill this knowledge gap, we coded and analyzed 122 formal plans from 20 US cities to examine if and how they address equity and justice in three domains: visions, processes, and distributions. We find a widespread failure of plans to conceptualize and operationalize equity planning principles. Only 13% of plans define equity or justice. Only 30% of cities recognize that they are on Native land. Over 90% of plans do not utilize inclusive processes to plan, design, implement, or evaluate GI, and so target many communities for green improvements without their consent. Although 80% of plans use GI to manage hazards and provide multiple benefits with GI, less than 10% identify the causes of uneven distributions and vulnerability. Even fewer recognize related issues of houselessness and gentrification. Very few plans have mechanisms to build community wealth through new GI jobs. We find promising seeds of best practices in some cities and plan types, but no plan exemplified best practices across all equity dimensions. If formal GI planning in US cities does not explicitly and comprehensively address equity concerns, it may reproduce the inequalities that GI is meant to alleviate. Based on our results, we identify-three key needs to improve current GI planning practices for green infrastructure and equity. First, clear definitions of equity and justice are needed, second, planning must engage with causes of inequality and displacement, and third, urban GI planning needs to be transformed through a focus on inclusion.
英文关键词	Equity; Green infrastructure; Urban planning; USA; Environmental justice
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Ecology ; Environmental Studies ; Geography ; Geography, Physical ; Regional & Urban Planning ; Urban Studies
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) ; Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)
WOS记录号	WOS:001029170200001
来源期刊	LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/280918
作者单位	The New School; Technical University of Munich; Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies; Stockholm University
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Grabowski, Zbigniew J.,McPhearson, Timon,Pickett, Steward T. A.. Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity[J],2023,229.
APA	Grabowski, Zbigniew J.,McPhearson, Timon,&Pickett, Steward T. A..(2023).Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity.LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING,229.
MLA	Grabowski, Zbigniew J.,et al."Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity".LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 229(2023).