气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge

CCPortal

DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153322
	Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge
	Pirotta, Enrico; Thomas, Len; Costa, Daniel P.; Hall, Ailsa J.; Harris, Catriona M.; Harwood, John; Kraus, Scott D.; Miller, Patrick J. O.; Moore, Michael J.; Photopoulou, Theoni; Rolland, Rosalind M.; Schwacke, Lori; Simmons, Samantha E.; Southall, Brandon L.; Tyack, Peter L.
发表日期	2022
ISSN	0048-9697
EISSN	1879-1026
卷号	821
英文摘要	Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity and intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context of natural processes and increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is thus of growing importance. However, their combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably from the individual effects of each stressor, and we lack the mechanistic understanding and analytical tools to predict their joint outcomes. We review the science of multiple stressors and present a conceptual framework that captures and reconciles the variety of existing approaches for assessing combined effects. Specifically, we show that all approaches lie along a spectrum, reflecting increasing assumptions about the mechanisms that regulate the action of single stressors and their combined effects. An emphasis on mechanisms improves analytical precision and predictive power but could introduce bias if the underlying assumptions arc incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk of bias but requires adequate data on the effects of the full range of anticipated combinations of stressor types and magnitudes. We illustrate how this spectrum can be formalised into specific analytical methods, using an example of North Atlantic right whales feeding on limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected by entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs and data availability will guide the exploration of the stressor combinations of interest and the selection of a suitable trade-off between precision and bias. We argue that the primary goal for adaptive management should be to identify the most practical and effective ways to remove or reduce specific combinations of stressors, bringing the risk of adverse impacts on populations and ecosystems below acceptable thresholds.
英文关键词	Adaptive management; Climate change; Combined effects; Mechanistic modelling; Multiple stressors; Population consequences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000800673700010
来源期刊	SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/280565
作者单位	University of St Andrews; University College Cork; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of St Andrews; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pirotta, Enrico,Thomas, Len,Costa, Daniel P.,et al. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge[J],2022,821.
APA	Pirotta, Enrico.,Thomas, Len.,Costa, Daniel P..,Hall, Ailsa J..,Harris, Catriona M..,...&Tyack, Peter L..(2022).Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,821.
MLA	Pirotta, Enrico,et al."Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 821(2022).