气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Global Carbon Budget 2021

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022
	Global Carbon Budget 2021
	Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; Andrew, Robbie M.; Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Hauck, Judith; Le Quere, Corinne; Peters, Glen P.; Peters, Wouter; Pongratz, Julia; Sitch, Stephen; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Rob B.; Alin, Simone R.; Anthoni, Peter; Bates, Nicholas R.; Becker, Meike; Bellouin, Nicolas; Bopp, Laurent; Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang; Chevallier, Frederic; Chini, Louise P.; Cronin, Margot; Currie, Kim I.; Decharme, Bertrand; Djeutchouang, Laique M.; Dou, Xinyu; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Feng, Liang; Gasser, Thomas; Gilfillan, Dennis; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Grassi, Giacomo; Gregor, Luke; Gruber, Nicolas; Gurses, Ozgur; Harris, Ian; Houghton, Richard A.; Hurtt, George C.; Iida, Yosuke; Ilyina, Tatiana; Luijkx, Ingrid T.; Jain, Atul; Jones, Steve D.; Kato, Etsushi; Kennedy, Daniel; Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Knauer, Jurgen; Korsbakken, Jan Ivar; Kortzinger, Arne; Landschutzer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K.; Lefevre, Nathalie; Lienert, Sebastian; Liu, Junjie; Marland, Gregg; McGuire, Patrick C.; Melton, Joe R.; Munro, David R.; Nabel, Julia E. M. S.; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Niwa, Yosuke; Ono, Tsuneo; Pierrot, Denis; Poulter, Benjamin; Rehder, Gregor; Resplandy, Laure; Robertson, Eddy; Rodenbeck, Christian; Rosan, Thais M.; Schwinger, Jorg; Schwingshackl, Clemens; Seferian, Roland; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Tanhua, Toste; Tans, Pieter P.; Tian, Hanqin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Tubiello, Francesco; van der Werf, Guido R.; Vuichard, Nicolas; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J.; Willis, David; Wiltshire, Andrew J.; Yuan, Wenping; Yue, Chao; Yue, Xu; Zaehle, Sonke; Zeng, Jiye
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1866-3508
EISSN	1866-3516
起始页码	1917
结束页码	2005
卷号	14 期号:4
英文摘要	Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (E-FOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (B-IM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. For the first time, an approach is shown to reconcile the difference in our E-LUC estimate with the one from national greenhouse gas inventories, supporting the assessment of collective countries' climate progress. For the year 2020, E-FOS declined by 5.4 % relative to 2019, with fossil emissions at 9.5 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (9.3 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and E-LUC was 0.9 +/- 0.7 GtC yr(-1), for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission of 10.2 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1) (37.4 +/- 2.9 GtCO(2)). Also, for 2020, G(ATM) was 5.0 +/- 0.2 GtC yr-1 (2.4 +/- 0.1 ppm yr(-1)), S-OCEAN was 3.0 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 2.9 +/- 1 GtC yr(-1), with a B-IM of -0.8 GtC yr(-1). The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2020 reached 412.45 +/- 0.1 ppm. Preliminary data for 2021 suggest a rebound in E-FOS relative to 2020 of +4.8 % (4.2 % to 5.4 %) globally. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2020, but discrepancies of up to 1 GtC yr(-1) persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use changes emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and datasets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this dataset (Friedlingstein et al., 2020, 2019; Le Quere et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). The data presented in this work are available at (Friedlingstein et al., 2021).
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000787247700001
来源期刊	EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/280564
作者单位	University of Exeter; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Saclay; University of East Anglia; University of East Anglia; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Wageningen University & Research; University of Groningen; University of Munich; Max Planck Society; University of Exeter; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Stanford University; Stanford University; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences; University of Bergen; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Reading; University System of Maryland; University of Mar...
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Friedlingstein, Pierre,Jones, Matthew W.,O'Sullivan, Michael,et al. Global Carbon Budget 2021[J],2022,14(4).
APA	Friedlingstein, Pierre.,Jones, Matthew W..,O'Sullivan, Michael.,Andrew, Robbie M..,Bakker, Dorothee C. E..,...&Zeng, Jiye.(2022).Global Carbon Budget 2021.EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA,14(4).
MLA	Friedlingstein, Pierre,et al."Global Carbon Budget 2021".EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 14.4(2022).