气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): The changing thermal state of permafrost

CCPortal

DOI	10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1
	The changing thermal state of permafrost
	Smith, Sharon L.; O'Neill, H. Brendan; Isaksen, Ketil; Noetzli, Jeannette; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
发表日期	2022
EISSN	2662-138X
起始页码	10
结束页码	23
卷号	3 期号:1
英文摘要	Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline changes in the thermal state of permafrost, focusing on permafrost temperatures and active-layer thickness. Increases in permafrost temperature vary spatially owing to interactions between climate, vegetation, snow cover, organic-layer thickness and ground ice content. In warmer permafrost (temperatures close to 0 degrees C), rates of warming are typically less than 0.3 degrees C per decade, as observed in sub-Arctic regions. In colder permafrost (temperatures less than -2 degrees C), by contrast, warming of up to about 1 degrees C per decade is apparent, as in the high-latitude Arctic. Increased active-layer thicknesses have also been observed since the 1990s in some regions, including a change of 0.4 m in the Russian Arctic. Simulations unanimously indicate that warming and thawing of permafrost will continue in response to climate change and potentially accelerate, but there is substantial variation in the magnitude and timing of predicted changes between different models and scenarios. A greater understanding of longer-term interactions between permafrost, climate, vegetation and snow cover, as well as improved model representation of subsurface conditions including ground ice, will further reduce uncertainty regarding the thermal state of permafrost and its future response. Permafrost thaw is directly governed by the thermal characteristics of the frozen ground. This Review outlines the status of and mechanisms influencing the thermal state of permafrost, revealing widespread increases in permafrost temperatures and active-layer thicknesses.
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS类目	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
WOS记录号	WOS:000742668100009
来源期刊	NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/280427
作者单位	Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Smith, Sharon L.,O'Neill, H. Brendan,Isaksen, Ketil,et al. The changing thermal state of permafrost[J],2022,3(1).
APA	Smith, Sharon L.,O'Neill, H. Brendan,Isaksen, Ketil,Noetzli, Jeannette,&Romanovsky, Vladimir E..(2022).The changing thermal state of permafrost.NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT,3(1).
MLA	Smith, Sharon L.,et al."The changing thermal state of permafrost".NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 3.1(2022).