气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) and comparison with WACCM simulations

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DOI	10.5194/acp-22-9435-2022
	Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) and comparison with WACCM simulations
	Hindley, Neil P.; Mitchell, Nicholas J.; Cobbett, Neil; Smith, Anne K.; Fritts, Dave C.; Janches, Diego; Wright, Corwin J.; Moffat-Griffin, Tracy
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	9435
结束页码	9459
卷号	22 期号:14 页码:25
英文摘要	The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is a dynamic layer of the earth's atmosphere. This region marks the interface at which neutral atmosphere dynamics begin to influence the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. However, our understanding of this region and our ability to accurately simulate it in global circulation models (GCMs) is limited by a lack of observations, especially in remote locations. To this end, a meteor radar was deployed from 2016 to 2020 on the remote mountainous island of South Georgia (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) in the Southern Ocean. In this study we use these new measurements to characterise the fundamental dynamics of the MLT above South Georgia including large-scale winds, solar tides, planetary waves (PWs), and mesoscale gravity waves (GWs). We first present an improved method for time-height localisation of radar wind measurements and characterise the large-scale MLT winds. We then determine the amplitudes and phases of the diurnal (24 h), semidiurnal (12 h), terdiurnal (8 h), and quardiurnal (6 h) solar tides at this latitude. We find very large amplitudes up to 30 m s(-1) for the quasi 2 d PW in summer and, combining our measurements with the meteor SAAMER radar in Argentina, show that the dominant modes of the quasi 5, 10, and 16 d PWs are westward 1 and 2. We investigate and compare wind variance due to both large-scale resolved GWs and small-scale subvolume GWs in the MLT and characterise their seasonal cycles. Last, we use our radar observations and satellite temperature observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder to test a climatological simulation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). We find that WACCM exhibits a summertime mesopause near 80 km altitude that is around 10 K warmer and 10 km lower in altitude than observed. Above 95 km altitude, summertime meridional winds in WACCM reverse to poleward, but this not observed in radar observations in this altitude range. More significantly, we find that wintertime zonal winds between 85 to 105 km altitude are eastward up to 40 m s(-1) in radar observations, but in WACCM they are westward up to 20 m s(-1). We propose that this large discrepancy may be linked to the impacts of secondary GWs (2GWs) on the residual circulation, which are not included in most global models, including WACCM. These radar measurements can therefore provide vital constraints that can guide the development of GCMs as they extend upwards into this important region of the atmosphere.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000828645800001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273883
作者单位	University of Bath; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hindley, Neil P.,Mitchell, Nicholas J.,Cobbett, Neil,et al. Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) and comparison with WACCM simulations[J],2022,22(14):25.
APA	Hindley, Neil P..,Mitchell, Nicholas J..,Cobbett, Neil.,Smith, Anne K..,Fritts, Dave C..,...&Moffat-Griffin, Tracy.(2022).Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) and comparison with WACCM simulations.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,22(14),25.
MLA	Hindley, Neil P.,et al."Radar observations of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over South Georgia island (54 degrees S, 36 degrees W) and comparison with WACCM simulations".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 22.14(2022):25.