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DOI	10.5194/acp-22-3763-2022
	The effect of marine ice-nucleating particles on mixed-phase clouds
	Raatikainen, Tomi; Prank, Marje; Ahola, Jaakko; Kokkola, Harri; Tonttila, Juha; Romakkaniemi, Sami
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	3763
结束页码	3778
卷号	22 期号:6 页码:16
英文摘要	Shallow marine mixed-phase clouds are important for the Earth's radiative balance, but modelling their formation and dynamics is challenging. These clouds depend on boundary layer turbulence and cloud top radiative cooling, which is related to the cloud phase. The fraction of frozen droplets depends on the availability of suitable ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which initiate droplet freezing. While mineral dust is the dominating INP type in most regions, high-latitude boundary layer clouds can be dependent on local marine INP emissions, which are often related to biogenic sources including phytoplankton. Here we use high resolution large eddy simulations to examine the potential effects of marine emissions on boundary layer INP concentrations and their effects on clouds. Surface emissions have a direct effect on INP concentration in a typical well-mixed boundary layer whereas a steep inversion can block the import of background INPs from the free troposphere. The importance of the marine source depends on the background INP concentration, so that marine INP emissions become more important with lower background INP concentrations. For the INP budget it is also important to account for INP recycling. Finally, with the high-resolution model we show how ice nucleation hotspots and high INP concentrations are focused on updraught regions. Our results show that marine INP emissions contribute directly to the boundary layer INP budget and therefore have an influence on mixed-phase clouds.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000792377800001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273829
作者单位	Finnish Meteorological Institute; Finnish Meteorological Institute
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Raatikainen, Tomi,Prank, Marje,Ahola, Jaakko,et al. The effect of marine ice-nucleating particles on mixed-phase clouds[J],2022,22(6):16.
APA	Raatikainen, Tomi,Prank, Marje,Ahola, Jaakko,Kokkola, Harri,Tonttila, Juha,&Romakkaniemi, Sami.(2022).The effect of marine ice-nucleating particles on mixed-phase clouds.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,22(6),16.
MLA	Raatikainen, Tomi,et al."The effect of marine ice-nucleating particles on mixed-phase clouds".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 22.6(2022):16.