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DOI	10.5194/acp-23-1941-2023
	Observations of microphysical properties and radiative effects of a contrail cirrus outbreak over the North Atlantic
	Wang, Ziming; Bugliaro, Luca; Jurkat-Witschas, Tina; Heller, Romy; Burkhardt, Ulrike; Ziereis, Helmut; Dekoutsidis, Georgios; Wirth, Martin; Gross, Silke; Kirschler, Simon; Kaufmann, Stefan; Voigt, Christiane
发表日期	2023
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	1941
结束页码	1961
卷号	23 期号:3 页码:21
英文摘要	Contrail cirrus constitute the largest radiative forcing (RF) component to the total aviation effect on climate. However, the microphysical properties and radiative effects of contrail cirrus and natural cirrus clouds in the same meteorological conditions are still not completely resolved. Motivated by these uncertainties, we investigate an extended cirrus region perturbed by aviation in the North Atlantic region (NAR) on 26 March 2014 during the Midlatitude Cirrus (ML-CIRRUS) experiment. On that day, high air traffic density in the NAR combined with large scale cold and humid ambient conditions favored the formation of a contrail cirrus outbreak situation. In addition, low coverage by low-level water clouds and the homogeneous oceanic albedo increased the sensitivity for retrieving cirrus properties and their radiative effect from satellite remote sensing. This allowed us to extend the current knowledge on contrail cirrus by combining airborne in situ, lidar and satellite observations.In the synoptic context of a ridge cirrus, an extended thin ice cloud with many persistent contrails and contrail cirrus has been observed for many hours with the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)/Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) from the early morning hours until dissipation after noon. Airborne lidar observations aboard the German High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft (HALO) suggest that this cirrus has a significant anthropogenic contribution from aviation. A new method based on in situ measurements was used to distinguish between contrails, contrail cirrus and natural cirrus based on ice number and gas phase NO concentrations. Results show that contrail effective radii (Reff) reach at most 11 mu m, while contrail cirrus Reff can be as large as 51 mu m. Contrail and contrail cirrus mean Reff is 18 % smaller than that of natural cirrus. We find that a difference in Reff between contrail cirrus and natural cirrus survives in this contrail cirrus outbreak event. As for radiative effects, a new method to estimate top-of-atmosphere instantaneous RF in the solar and thermal range is developed based on radiative transfer model simulations exploiting in situ and lidar measurements, satellite observations and ERA5 reanalysis data for both cirrus and cirrus-free regions. Broadband irradiances estimated from our simulations compare well with satellite observations from MSG, indicating that our method provides a good representation of the real atmosphere and can thus be used to determine the RF of ice clouds. For a larger spatial area around the flight path, we find that the contrail cirrus outbreak is warming in the early morning and cooling during the day. The methods presented here and the results will be valuable for future research to constrain uncertainties in the assessment of radiative impacts of contrail cirrus and natural cirrus and for the formulation and evaluation of contrail mitigation options.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000926580300001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273801
作者单位	Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); University of Munich; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang, Ziming,Bugliaro, Luca,Jurkat-Witschas, Tina,et al. Observations of microphysical properties and radiative effects of a contrail cirrus outbreak over the North Atlantic[J],2023,23(3):21.
APA	Wang, Ziming.,Bugliaro, Luca.,Jurkat-Witschas, Tina.,Heller, Romy.,Burkhardt, Ulrike.,...&Voigt, Christiane.(2023).Observations of microphysical properties and radiative effects of a contrail cirrus outbreak over the North Atlantic.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,23(3),21.
MLA	Wang, Ziming,et al."Observations of microphysical properties and radiative effects of a contrail cirrus outbreak over the North Atlantic".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 23.3(2023):21.