气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models - Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/acp-23-663-2023
	Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models - Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes
	Visioni, Daniele; Bednarz, Ewa M.; Lee, Walker R.; Kravitz, Ben; Jones, Andy; Haywood, Jim M.; MacMartin, Douglas G.
发表日期	2023
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	663
结束页码	685
卷号	23 期号:1 页码:23
英文摘要	There is now substantial literature on climate model studies of equatorial or tropical stratospheric SO2 injections that aim to counteract the surface warming produced by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases. Here we present the results from the first systematic intercomparison of climate responses in three Earth system models wherein the injection of SO2 occurs at different latitudes in the lower stratosphere: CESM2-WACCM6, UKESM1.0 and GISS-E2.1-G. The first two use a modal aerosol microphysics scheme, while two versions of GISS-E2.1-G use a bulk aerosol (One-Moment Aerosol, OMA) and a two-moment (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state, MATRIX) microphysics approach, respectively. Our aim in this work is to determine commonalities and differences between the climate model responses in terms of the distribution of the optically reflective sulfate aerosols produced from the oxidation of SO2 and in terms of the surface response to the resulting reduction in solar radiation. A focus on understanding the contribution of characteristics of models transport alongside their microphysical and chemical schemes, and on evaluating the resulting stratospheric responses in different models, is given in the companion paper . The goal of this exercise is not to evaluate these single-point injection simulations as stand-alone proposed strategies to counteract global warming; instead we determine sources and areas of agreement and uncertainty in the simulated responses and, ultimately, the possibility of designing a comprehensive intervention strategy capable of managing multiple simultaneous climate goals through the combination of different injection locations.We find large disagreements between GISS-E2.1-G and the CESM2-WACCM6 and UKESM1.0 models regarding the magnitude of cooling per unit of aerosol optical depth (AOD) produced, which varies from 4.7 K per unit of AOD in CESM2-WACCM6 to 16.7 K in the GISS-E2.1-G version with two-moment aerosol microphysics. By normalizing the results with the global mean response in each of the models and thus assuming that the amount of SO2 injected is a free parameter that can be managed independently, we highlight some commonalities in the overall distributions of the aerosols, in the inter-hemispheric surface temperature response and in shifts to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, as well as some areas of disagreement, such as the extent of the aerosol confinement in the equatorial region and the efficiency of the transport to polar latitudes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that it is possible to use these simulations to produce more comprehensive injection strategies in multiple climate models. However, large differences in the injection magnitudes can be expected, potentially increasing inter-model spreads in some stratospheric quantities (such as aerosol distribution) while reducing the spread in the surface response in terms of temperature and precipitation; furthermore, the selection of the injection locations may be dependent on the models' specific stratospheric transport.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000916560000001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273479
作者单位	Cornell University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Exeter
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Visioni, Daniele,Bednarz, Ewa M.,Lee, Walker R.,et al. Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models - Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes[J],2023,23(1):23.
APA	Visioni, Daniele.,Bednarz, Ewa M..,Lee, Walker R..,Kravitz, Ben.,Jones, Andy.,...&MacMartin, Douglas G..(2023).Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models - Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,23(1),23.
MLA	Visioni, Daniele,et al."Climate response to off-equatorial stratospheric sulfur injections in three Earth system models - Part 1: Experimental protocols and surface changes".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 23.1(2023):23.