气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean

CCPortal

DOI	10.5194/acp-22-739-2022
	Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean
	Barreto, Africa; Cuevas, Emilio; Garcia, Rosa D.; Carrillo, Judit; Prospero, Joseph M.; Basart, Sara; Berjon, Alberto J.; Marrero, Carlos L.; Hernandez, Yballa; Jose Bustos, Juan; Nickovic, Slobodan; Yela, Margarita; Ilic, Luka
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	739
结束页码	763
卷号	22 期号:2 页码:25
英文摘要	Every year, large-scale African dust outbreaks frequently pass over the Canary Islands (Spain). Here we describe the seasonal evolution of atmospheric aerosol extinction and meteorological vertical profiles on Tenerife over the period 2007-2018 using long-term micropulse lidar (MPL-3) and radiosonde observations. These measurements are used to categorise the different patterns of dust transport over the subtropical North Atlantic and, for the first time, to robustly describe the dust vertical distribution in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) over this region. Three atmospheric scenarios dominate the aerosol climatology: dust-free (clean) conditions, the Saharan summer scenario (summer-SAL) and the Saharan winter scenario (winter-SAL). A relatively well-mixed marine boundary layer (MBL) was observed in the case of clean (dust-free) conditions; it was associated with rather constant lidar extinction coefficients (alpha) below 0.036 km(-1) with minimum alpha (< 0.022 km(-1)) in the free troposphere (FT). The summer-SAL has been characterised as a dust-laden layer strongly affecting both the MBL (Delta alpha = +48 % relative to clean conditions) and the FT. The summer-SAL appears as a well-stratified layer, relatively dry at lower levels (Delta r similar to-44 % at the SAL's base, where r is the water vapour mixing ratio) but more humid at higher levels compared with clean FT conditions (Delta r similar to+332 % at 5.3 km), with a peak of alpha> 0.066 km-1 at similar to 2.5 km. Desert dust is present up to similar to 6.0 km, the SAL top based on the altitude of SAL's temperature inversion. In the winter-SAL scenario, the dust layer is confined to lower levels below 2 km altitude. This layer is characterised by a dry anomaly at lower levels (Delta r similar to -38 % in comparison to the clean scenario) and a dust peak at similar to 1.3 km height. Clean FT conditions were found above 2.3 km. Our results reveal the important role that both dust and water vapour play in the radiative balance within the summer-SAL and winter-SAL. The dominant dust-induced shortwave (SW) radiative warming in summer (heating rates up to +0.7 K d(-1)) is found slightly below the dust maximum. However, the dominant contribution of water vapour was observed as a net SW warming observed within the SAL (from 2.1 to 5.7 km) and as a strong cold anomaly near the SAL's top (-0.6 K d(-1)). The higher water vapour content found to be carried on the summer-SAL, despite being very low, represents a high relative variation in comparison to the very dry clean free troposphere in the subtropics. This relevant aspect should be properly taken into account in atmospheric modelling processes. In the case of the winter-SAL, we observed a dust-induced radiative effect dominated by SW heating (maximum heating of +0.7 K d(-1) at 1.5 km, near the dust peak); both dust and atmospheric water vapour impact heating in the atmospheric column. This is the case of the SW heating within the SAL (maximum near the r peak), the dry anomaly at lower levels (Delta r similar to -38 % at 1 km) and the thermal cooling (similar to 0.3 K d(-1)) from the temperature inversion upwards. Finally, we hypothesise that the SAL can impact heterogeneous ice nucleation processes through the frequent occurrence of mid-level clouds observed near the SAL top at relatively warm temperatures. A dust event that affected Tenerife on August 2015 is simulated using the regional DREAM model to assess the role of dust and water vapour carried within SAL in the ice nucleation processes. The modelling results reproduce the arrival of the dust plume and its extension over the island and confirm the observed relationship between the summer-SAL conditions and the formation of mid- and high-level clouds.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000747079800001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273476
作者单位	Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia (AEMET); Centro de Investigacion Atmosferica de Izana (CIAI); University of Miami; University of Belgrade; Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Barcelona Supercomputer Center (BSC-CNS)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Barreto, Africa,Cuevas, Emilio,Garcia, Rosa D.,et al. Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean[J],2022,22(2):25.
APA	Barreto, Africa.,Cuevas, Emilio.,Garcia, Rosa D..,Carrillo, Judit.,Prospero, Joseph M..,...&Ilic, Luka.(2022).Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,22(2),25.
MLA	Barreto, Africa,et al."Long-term characterisation of the vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer over the Canary Islands using lidar and radiosonde profiles: implications for radiative and cloud processes over the subtropical Atlantic Ocean".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 22.2(2022):25.