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DOI	10.5194/acp-22-7763-2022
	Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Reunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations
	Callewaert, Sieglinde; Brioude, Jerome; Langerock, Bavo; Duflot, Valentin; Fonteyn, Dominique; Muller, Jean-Francois; Metzger, Jean-Marc; Hermans, Christian; Kumps, Nicolas; Ramonet, Michel; Lopez, Morgan; Mahieu, Emmanuel; De Maziere, Martine
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	7763
结束页码	7792
卷号	22 期号:11 页码:30
英文摘要	Reunion Island is situated in the Indian Ocean and holds one of the very few atmospheric observatories in the tropical Southern Hemisphere. Moreover, it hosts experiments providing both ground-based surface and column observations of CO2, CH4, and CO atmospheric concentrations. This work presents a comprehensive study of these observations made in the capital Saint-Denis and at the high-altitude Maldo Observatory. We used simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), in its passive tracer option (WRF-GHG), to gain more insight to the factors that determine the observed concentrations. Additionally, this study provides an evaluation of the WRF-GHG performance in a region of the globe where it has not yet been applied. A comparison of the basic meteorological fields near the surface and along atmospheric profiles showed that WRF-GHG has decent skill in reproducing these meteorological measurements, especially temperature. Furthermore, a distinct diurnal CO2 cycle with values up to 450 ppm was found near the surface in Saint-Denis, driven by local anthropogenic emissions, boundary layer dynamics, and accumulation due to low wind speed at night. Due to an overestimation of local wind speed, WRF-GHG underestimates this nocturnal buildup. At Maido, a similar diurnal cycle is found but with much smaller amplitude. There, surface CO2 is essentially driven by the surrounding vegetation. The hourly column-averaged mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) of WRF-GHG and the corresponding TCCON observations were highly correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90. These observations represent different air masses to those near the surface; they are influenced by processes from Madagascar, Africa, and further away. The model shows contributions from fires during the Southern Hemisphere biomass burning season but also biogenic enhancements associated with the dry season. Due to a seasonal bias in the boundary conditions, WRF-GHG fails to accurately reproduce the CH4 observations at Reunion Island. Furthermore, local anthropogenic fluxes are the largest source influencing the surface CH4 observations. However, these are likely overestimated. Furthermore, WRF-GHG is capable of simulating CO levels on Reunion Island with a high precision. As to the observed CO column (XCO), we confirmed that biomass burning plumes from Africa and elsewhere are important for explaining the observed variability. The in situ observations at the Maldo Observatory can characterize both anthropogenic signals from the coastal regions and biomass burning enhancements from afar. Finally, we found that a high model resolution of 2 km is needed to accurately represent the surface observations. At Maido an even higher resolution might be needed because of the complex topography and local wind patterns. To simulate the column Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations on the other hand, a model resolution of 50km might already be sufficient.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000811035800001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273300
作者单位	Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); University of La Reunion; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; University of Liege
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Callewaert, Sieglinde,Brioude, Jerome,Langerock, Bavo,et al. Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Reunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations[J],2022,22(11):30.
APA	Callewaert, Sieglinde.,Brioude, Jerome.,Langerock, Bavo.,Duflot, Valentin.,Fonteyn, Dominique.,...&De Maziere, Martine.(2022).Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Reunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,22(11),30.
MLA	Callewaert, Sieglinde,et al."Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Reunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 22.11(2022):30.