气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active >=-15 degrees C in free tropospheric air over western Europe

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DOI	10.5194/acp-22-3433-2022
	Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active >=-15 degrees C in free tropospheric air over western Europe
	Conen, Franz; Einbock, Annika; Mignani, Claudia; Huglin, Christoph
发表日期	2022
ISSN	1680-7316
EISSN	1680-7324
起始页码	3433
结束页码	3444
卷号	22 期号:5 页码:12
英文摘要	Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) initiate ice formation in supercooled clouds, typically starting in western Europe at a few kilometres above the ground. However, little is known about the concentration and composition of INPs in the lower free troposphere (FT). Here, we analysed INPs active at -10 degrees C (INP-10) and -15 degrees C (INP-15) that were collected under FT conditions at the high-altitude observatory Jungfraujoch between January 2019 and March 2021. We relied on continuous radon measurements to distinguish FT conditions from those influenced by the planetary boundary layer. Median concentrations in the FT were 2.4 INP(-10 )m(-3) and 9.8 INP-15 m(-3), with a multiplicative standard deviation of 2.0 and 1.6 respectively. A majority of INPs were deactivated after exposure to 60 degrees C; thus, they probably originated from certain epiphytic bacteria or fungi. Subsequent heating to 95 degrees C deactivated another 15 % to 20 % of the initial INPs, which were likely other types of fungal INPs that might have been associated with soil organic matter or with decaying leaves. Very few INP-10 withstood heating to 95 degrees C, but on average 20 % of INP-15 in FT samples did so. This percentage doubled during Saharan dust intrusions, which had practically no influence on INP-10. Overall, the results suggest that aerosolised epiphytic microorganisms, or parts thereof, are responsible for the majority of primary ice formation in moderately supercooled clouds above western Europe.
学科领域	Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000771355600001
来源期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/273265
作者单位	University of Basel; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science & Technology (EMPA)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Conen, Franz,Einbock, Annika,Mignani, Claudia,et al. Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active >=-15 degrees C in free tropospheric air over western Europe[J],2022,22(5):12.
APA	Conen, Franz,Einbock, Annika,Mignani, Claudia,&Huglin, Christoph.(2022).Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active >=-15 degrees C in free tropospheric air over western Europe.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,22(5),12.
MLA	Conen, Franz,et al."Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active >=-15 degrees C in free tropospheric air over western Europe".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 22.5(2022):12.