气候变化领域集成服务门户(CCPortal): Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal

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DOI	10.1007/s11629-019-5910-0
	Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal
	Kaphle, Binija; Wang, Jun-bo; Kai, Jin-lei; Lyu, Xin-miao; Paudayal, Khum Narayan; Adhikari, Subash
通讯作者	Wang, JB (通讯作者)
发表日期	2021
ISSN	1672-6316
EISSN	1993-0321
起始页码	141
结束页码	158
卷号	18 期号:1
英文摘要	High-altitude Himalayan lakes act as natural storage for environmental evidence related to climate change and environmental factors. A great number of lakes are distributed in the southern slope area of the central Himalayas; however, research concerning the hydrochemical processes of these lakes is still insufficient. Herein, we present a comprehensive study on the water chemistry of the lake waters and the inlet stream waters from Rara Lake in western Nepal based upon samples collected in November 2018. The pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), water temperature, electric conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ, and the concentrations of major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3-) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results revealed that the water in Rara Lake is slightly alkaline, with pH values ranging from 7.6-7.98. The cations, in decreasing order of concentration in the lake water, are Ca2+ >Mg2+ >K+ >Na+ with average concentrations of 20.64 mg center dot L-1, 11.78 mg center dot L-1, 1.48 mg center dot L-1 and 0.72 mg center dot L-1, respectively; the order and concentrations for the anions is HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3-, with average concentrations of 122.15 mg center dot L-1, 2.15 mg center dot L-1, 0.46 mg center dot L-1 and 0.55 mg center dot L-1, respectively. The dominant cation and anion in the lake water are Ca2+ and HCO3(-), and they account for 48.14% and 71.8% of the totals, respectively. The range of lake water TDS is from 95 mg center dot L-1 to 98 mg center dot L-1, with an average of 96.85 mg center dot L-1. The high ratio of (Ca2+ + Mg2+) to total cations and the low ratio of (Na+ + K+) to total cations indicate that Rara Lake receives ions from rock weathering, especially from carbonate rocks. Similarly, Gibbs boomerang diagrams and Piper diagrams also support the hydrochemistry of Rara Lake as being dominated by rock-weathering patterns. Likewise, other statistical analysis tools, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation strongly suggest the dominance of weathering of calcium and magnesium bicarbonate rocks as the major source of ions in Rara Lake. However, several traces of anthropogenic inputs into the lake were noticed, and the hypolimnion in the lake appears to be oxygen deficient, which may not be an issue at present but cannot be ignored in the future.
关键词	MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY HIGH-ALTITUDE LAKES WATER-QUALITY THERMAL STRATIFICATION MOUNTAIN LAKE NAM CO BASIN RIVER MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION
英文关键词	Water quality profiling; Major ions; Rock weathering; Anthropogenic; Rara Lake; Himalayas
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000607413000010
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
来源机构	中国科学院青藏高原研究所
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/260288
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kaphle, Binija,Wang, Jun-bo,Kai, Jin-lei,et al. Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2021,18(1).
APA	Kaphle, Binija,Wang, Jun-bo,Kai, Jin-lei,Lyu, Xin-miao,Paudayal, Khum Narayan,&Adhikari, Subash.(2021).Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal.JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE,18(1).
MLA	Kaphle, Binija,et al."Hydrochemistry of Rara Lake: A Ramsar lake from the southern slope of the central Himalayas, Nepal".JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE 18.1(2021).