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| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141119 |
| Thin debris layers do not enhance melting of the Karakoram glaciers | |
| Muhammad, Sher; Tian, Lide; Ali, Shaukat; Latif, Yasir; Wazir, Muhammad Atif; Goheer, Muhammad Arif; Saifullah, Muhammad; Hussain, Iqtidar; Liu Shiyin | |
| 通讯作者 | Muhammad, S (通讯作者) |
| 发表日期 | 2020 |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 |
| EISSN | 1879-1026 |
| 卷号 | 746 |
| 英文摘要 | The assessment of meltwater sourcing from the clean and debris-covered glaciers is scarce in High Mountain Asia (HMA). The melting rate varies with the debris cover thickness and glacier orientation. The present study quantifies glacier melting rate attributed to varying thickness of debris cover in the Karakoram. We observed daily melting rates by installing ablation stakes over debris-free and debris-covered ice during a field expedition. The stakes were installed on glacier surface with debris cover thickness ranges between 0.5 and 40 cm at selected experimental sites during the ablation period (September and October 2018) and (July to August 2019). We selected three glaciers including Ghulkin, Hinarchi, and Hoper facing east, south, and north, respectively to assess the role of glacier orientation on melting rates. We observed that the debris-free ice melts faster than the debris-covered ice. Intriguingly, a thin debris layer of 0.5 cm does not enhance melting compared to the clean ice which is inconsistent with the earlier studies. The melting rate decreases as the thickness of debris cover increases at all the three selected glaciers. Furthermore, south-facing glacier featured the highest melting (on average similar to 25% more). However, the north and east-facing glaciers revealed almost same melting rates. We observed that the average degree-day factors (DDF) slightly varies within a range of 0.58-0.73 and 0.55-0.68 cm degrees C-1 day(-1) for debris-free and 0.5 cm debris-covered ice, respectively, however, DDF largely reduces to 0.13-0.25 cm degrees C-1 day(-1) for 40 cm debris-covered ice. We suggest continuous physical glacier ablation observations for various debris cover throughout the ablation zone to better understand the role of debris on melting. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. |
| 关键词 | WESTERN HIMALAYABALTORO GLACIERKHUMBU GLACIERMASS-BALANCEABLATIONCOVERICEALTITUDETHICKNESSIMPACT |
| 英文关键词 | Supraglacial debris; Ablation; Field measurements; Degree-day; Karakoram |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000579371300051 |
| 来源期刊 | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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| 来源机构 | 中国科学院青藏高原研究所 |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://gcip.llas.ac.cn/handle/2XKMVOVA/260012 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Muhammad, Sher,Tian, Lide,Ali, Shaukat,et al. Thin debris layers do not enhance melting of the Karakoram glaciers[J]. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,2020,746. |
| APA | Muhammad, Sher.,Tian, Lide.,Ali, Shaukat.,Latif, Yasir.,Wazir, Muhammad Atif.,...&Liu Shiyin.(2020).Thin debris layers do not enhance melting of the Karakoram glaciers.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,746. |
| MLA | Muhammad, Sher,et al."Thin debris layers do not enhance melting of the Karakoram glaciers".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 746(2020). |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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